Chagnon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Paschal Chagnon (1765–1825), Canadian merchant and political figure Leon Chagnon (1902–1953), American professional baseball pitcher André Chagnon (1928–2022), Canadian businessman and philanthropist Napoleon Chagnon (1938–2019), American anthropologist Jacques Chagnon (born 1952), Canadian politician Christian Chagnon (1956–2021), Canadian handball player Marcel (singer) (born Marcel Chagnon, 1975), American country singer Frédéric Chagnon (born 1992), Canadian football player Cheryle Chagnon-Greyeyes, Alberta politician