Aleinikov (masculine, ) or Aleinikova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. It is also transliterated as Aleynikov/Aleynikova. Notable people with the surname include:
Sergei Aleinikov, Belarusian footballer Sergey Aleynikov, computer programmer Vasili Aleynikov (born 1995), Russian footballer Yevgeni Aleinikov (1967–2024), Russian sport-shooter
See also Oleynikov