A is a type of litter used as a means of human transportation by the non-samurai class in feudal Japan and into the Meiji period (1868–1911).
Description and use
The basket of a was roughly long, and attached to bamboo uprights which were suspended by a large overhead single crossbeam. A roof of some type covered the top and screens could be used to cover the sides as protection from sun or rain. A would be carried by a team of four men, who would take turns carrying the on their shoulders; five or six miles could be traveled in one hour. One man would support the weight of the large overhead pole at each end and walked until he tired and switched with a rested carrier.An artist's letters from Japan, Author John La Farge, Publisher The Century co., 1897, Original from the University of California, Digitized Mar 13, 2009 P.277Belgravia, Volume 35, Author Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Publisher Willmer & Rogers, 1878 p.58 The should not be confused with the more elaborate , which were used by the samurai class and wealthy individuals.The Nautical magazine: a journal of papers on subjects connected with maritime affairs, Volume 11, Publisher Brown, Son and Ferguson, 1842. Original from, Oxford University, P.330Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa culture observed, Authors Engelbert Kaempfer, Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, Editor Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, Translated by Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, Edition illustrated, Publisher University of Hawaii Press, 1999, P.246
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