Filimonov (; masculine) or Filimonova (; feminine) is a Russian surname, and means literally Philemon's. It is shared by the following people:
Aleksandr Filimonov (born 1973), Russian association football player Alexander Filimonov (Cossack) (1866–1948), Russian Cossack Andrei Filimonov (born 1985), Russian association football player Dmitri Filimonov (born 1971), Russian ice hockey player Gennadi Filimonov (born 1962), Russian association football player Ljudmila Filimonova (born 1962), Russian speed skater Lyudmila Filimonova (born 1971), Belarusian discus thrower Sergey Filimonov (born 1975), Kazakhstani weightlifter Vladimir Filimonov (born 1965), Russian association football player