Athanasiou is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andreas Athanasiou (born 1994), Canadian ice hockey player Grigorios Athanasiou (born 1984), Greek footballer Kenneth R. Athanasiou (born 1967), Chief Information Security Officer of multiple global companies. Kyriacos A. Athanasiou (born 1960), Cypriot-American bioengineer