Definition

Indigenous communities, peoples, and nations are those which have a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, and may consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system.Jose R. Martinez Cobo

This historical continuity may consist of the continuation, for an extended period reaching into the present of one or more of the following factors: Occupation of ancestral lands, or at least of part of them Common ancestry with the original occupants of these lands Culture in general, or in specific manifestations (such as religion, living under a tribal system, membership in an Indigenous community, dress, means of livelihood, lifestyle, etc.) Language (whether used as the only language, as mother-tongue, as the habitual means of communication at home or in the family, or as the main, preferred, habitual, general or normal language) Residence in certain parts of the country, or in certain regions of the world Other relevant factors. On an individual basis, an Indigenous person is one who belongs to these Indigenous populations through self-identification as Indigenous (group consciousness) and is recognized and accepted by these populations as one of its members (acceptance by the group). This preserves for these communities the sovereign right and power to decide who belongs to them, without external interference.Definition of indigenous peoples

Africa

African Great Lakes

Abagusii: Kenya Hadza (Hadzabe): Tanzania, Singida region: southeast, south and northwest of Lake Eyashi. Iraqw: Tanzania Kalenjin: Kenya Kikuyu: Kenya Luhya: Kenya Maasai: Kenya, Tanzania"The indigenous Maasai wanted to secure plots for farming in their home villages" (p. 29). Rendille: Kenya Samburu: Kenya, Tanzania Sandawe: Tanzania, Dodoma region: Kondoa district, between Bubu and Mponde rivers, Singida region. Pygmy peoples: Twa Bangweulu Twa: Northern Zambia, Bangweulu Swamps, Great Lakes Twa: Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo Kafwe Twa: Southern Zambia, Kafue Flats Lukanga Twa: Central Zambia, Lukanga Swamp Nsua: Western Uganda

Central Africa

Pygmy peoples: Bedzan: Northern Central Cameroon Mbenga: Aka (Bayaka) Baka (Bebayaka): Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and Central African Republic Bongo (Babongo): Gyele (Bagyele): Kola (Bakola): Mbuti (Bambuti): Asua: Democratic Republic of the Congo Efé: Democratic Republic of the Congo Kango/Sua: Mbuti: Wochua: Twa Angola Twa: Northeastern, Eastern and Southern Angola Kasai Twa (Kuba Twa): Central Democratic Republic of Congo Mbote Twa: Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Northwest of Lake Tanganyika Mongo Twa (Ntomba Twa): Western Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tumba, Lake Mai-Ndombe Upemba Twa (Luba Twa): Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Upemba Depression Laal peoples

Horn of Africa Afar people (Qafár/'Afár): the Afar Triangle of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia Amhara: Ethiopia Banna: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Basketo: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Berta (Funj): Western Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Far Eastern Sudan Burji: Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Gedeo: Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Gumuz: Western Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Far Eastern Sudan Hamer: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Karo: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Kunama: Western Eritrea, Gash-Barka Region, Far Eastern Sudan Maale: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Mursi (Mun): mainly in Debub Omo Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Southwest Ethiopia Nara: Western Eritrea, Gash-Barka Region, Far Eastern Sudan Oromo people: Ethiopia, Kenya Saho: Central Eritrea, Southern part of Northern Red Sea Region Shinasha (Shinasha): Northwestern Ethiopia Sidama: Southern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Somalis: Somalia, Djibouti, eastern Ethiopia, northeastern Kenya Suri Baale: Ethiopia Suri Chai: Ethiopia Suri Timaga: Ethiopia Wolayta: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) Yem: Southwestern Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR)

Sudan

Nuba peoples: Sudan, Nuba Hills Nubians: Far Northern North Sudan and Far Southern Egypt, along middle Nile river valley banks Dinka (Jieng): mainly in Lakes, Warrap and Unity States, Upper Nile river course, Central and North South Sudan. Nuer (Naadh): mainly in Jonglei State, East of Upper Nile river course, East Central South Sudan. Anuak (Anywaa): mainly East Jonglei State, East South Sudan, and also mainly in Gambela Region, Lowlands of Far Southwest Ethiopia (border areas between South Sudan and Ethiopia). Shilluk (Chollo/Cøllø): mainly in North South Sudan, west of the Upper Nile river course, Upper Nile State, South Sudan (Kodok or Kothok, formerly known as Fashoda is in their territory). Fur (Fòòrà): Darfur, Western Sudan Masalit: Darfur, Western Sudan Kadu peoples: Sudan, Nuba Hills

Southern Africa

Bantu languages-speaking peoples of Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, southern Angola. Nguni people Xhosa Zulu Ndebele Northern Ndebele people (Zimbabwe) Southern Ndebele people (South Africa) South Ndebele Sumayela Ndebele Swati Phuthi Lala Bhaca Hlubi Nhlangwini Sotho–Tswana people Tswana Bobirwa Tswapong Kgalagadi Sotho Northern Sotho East Sotho (Pulana, Khutswe and Pai) Lozi Makua people Makhuwa Koti Sakati (Nathembo) Lomwe Chuwabu Moniga Tswa–Ronga languages people Tsonga Ronga Tswa Venda people Shona/Shonic people - speaking peoples: Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana m Zezuru Korekore Manyika Barwe Karanga Kalanga people Ndau Chopi people Chopi Guitonga Chewa people Yeyi people Kavango languages-speaking peoples Ovambo people Herero people Himba people Kavango people Southern Khoekhoe languages-speaking peoples: Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Kalahari Desert, Zimbabwe, west and southwestern South Africa. Khoekhoe Nama (Namaqua) Damara Haiǁom Gǀu and Gǁana Naro Tsoa/Tshwa/Kua Southern San languages-speaking peoples: Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Kalahari Desert, west and southwestern South Africa. Kxʼa/Ju–ǂHoan ǃKung/Juu ǂʼAmkoe ǂKxʼao-ǁʼae (Auen) Tuu ǃKwi (!Ui) ǀXam ǂKhomani (Nǀu) Khwe (Khoi, Kxoe) Taa ǃXooŋake/Nǀumde

West Africa

Dogon people: Mali, and small population in Burkina Faso. Jola people: Guinea-Bissau, The Gambia, and Senegal Serer people: Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, and formally North Africa.Pierret, Paul, "Dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne", Imprimerie nationale 1875, p. 198-199 [in] Diop, Cheikh Anta, "Precolonial Black Africa", (trans: Harold Salemson), Chicago Review Press (1988), p. 65 Mandinka people: Guinea, Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Soninke people: Mali, Senegal, and The Gambia. Wolof people: Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. Mossi people: Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Hausa people: Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, and Togo. Ogoni people Yoruba people: Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia. Fula people: Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin, Mauritania, Guinea Bissau, The Gambia, Togo, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire. Igbo people: Nigeria

North Africa

Afroasiatic languages Berbers (Imazighen): Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mediterranean Coast, Atlas Mountains (Idurar n Waṭlas), North and Western Sahara Eastern Berbers Nafusa people: Nafusa Mountains (Drar n infusen), Tripolitania, northwestern Libya Zuwara Berbers: Zuwara, coast of western Tripolitania in northwestern Libya. Matmata Berbers: Matmâta, southern Tunisia Djerba Berbers: Djerba Island, southern Tunisia coast Sokna Berbers: Sokna Oasis (Isuknan), Fezzan, north central Libya, Sahara Awjila: Awjila oasis, Cyrenaica, eastern Libya, Sahara Ghadamès: Ghadamès Oasis, western Libya, Sahara Siwis: Siwa Oasis (Isiwan), western Egypt, Sahara Northern Berbers Kabyles (Iqvayliyen): Kabylie (Tamurt n Iqvayliyen), Mediterranean coast of northern Algeria Zenati (Iznaten/Iznasen) speakers: regions in Algeria and Morocco Mozabites (At Mzab): Mzab region, northern Sahara, north central Algeria Shawiya (Išawiyen): Aurès Mountains (Idurar n Awras), northeastern Algeria Shenwa (Ichenwiyen): west-central mountains of northwestern Algeria Riffians (Irifiyen): Rif, Rif Mountains (Arrif), northern Morocco Sanhaja (Iẓnagen/Iẓnajen) peoples: regions in Middle West Atlas Mountains and Eastern Morocco Masmuda peoples: regions in Northern and Western Morocco Ghomara: Far West Rif Mountains (Arrif), Northern Morocco Shilha (Shlḥi): West Atlas Mountains, Western Morocco Haratin: Indigenous population of the Maghreb and Sahara of uncertain origin; members now speak either Berber languages or Arabic; inhabit Morocco, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Algeria. Serer - current habit Senega, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania Toubou: Chad Copts (Rem en Khēmi/Rem en Kēme): Egypt, the majority of Egypt's population descended from Ancient Egyptians Beja: Northeastern Sudan, between Red Sea coast and almost to the Nile River (White Nile and Blue Nile) eastern banks, Far Northwest Eritrea, Sahara Eastern Desert, Far Southeast Egypt Guanches: Canary Islands, Spain

West and Central Asia West Asia

Semitic Assyrians (Āṯūrāyē / Sūrāyē / Sūryāyē) originally spoke Akkadian, an East Semitic language, and later adopted Aramaic, a Northwest Semitic language, from the Arameans. There is documented historical continuity between ancient and modern Assyrians, particularly among those who have remained in the Assyrian homeland since antiquity, prior to the Arab conquest of Mesopotamia. Not all Assyrians identify under this designation, and some groups have adopted an Assyrian identity at later points .Unrepresented Nations and People Organization | UNPO, Assyrians the Indigenous People of Iraq Central Semitic Northwest Semitic Arameans (Āramayē): Central and Western Syria, ancient land of the Aramaeans (Aram) in the Levant, an Aramaic-speaking people that descends from ancient Aramaeans. In recent years, there has been an attempt to revive Western Aramaic among Aramean Christians living in the Israeli village of Jish. Mandaeans Canaanites Samaritans (Samerim): of Samaria. An ethno-religious group of the Levant, closely related genetically and culturally to the Jewish diaspora and are understood to have branched off from the latter around the time of the Assyrian exile. The Samaritans are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism. Their sole norm of religious observance is the Samaritan Pentateuch.The UN Refugee Agency | UNHCR, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Department of Evolutionary Biology at University of Tartu Estonian Biocentre | Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation, Molecular Anthropology Group