Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (or Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in the West Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands of Anguilla (until 1980), Nevis, and Saint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply as Saint Christopher and Nevis. Saint Christopher and Nevis gained independence in 1983 as the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, while Anguilla remains a British overseas territory.

History

The islands of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been British colonies since the 17th century, but were administered separately until the 1880s. A union of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been proposed as early as 1867, when Captain James George Mackenzie was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Christopher with a mandate to seek to combine the administrations of the two neighboring islands. This proposal met with strong opposition, however, and was withdrawn the following year. In 1871, Saint Christopher and Nevis became presidencies within the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands. Anguilla was attached to Saint Christopher as a dependency the same year. In 1882, the Leeward Islands legislature passed legislation merging the two presidencies as the combined Presidency of Saint Christopher and Nevis.Phillips, p. 129 In 1951, the name was changed to include Anguilla.

The Leeward Islands Colony was disbanded in 1958, due to frequent tension between its members. From 1958 to 1962, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla formed a province of the West Indies Federation, electing two members to the House of Representatives and also having two senators, appointed by the Governor-General.West Indies Federation – Caribbean Elections. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

In 1967, the territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was granted full internal autonomy, as an Associated State of the United Kingdom. The UK retained responsibility for defence and external affairs, while a new judicial system was established, headed by the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court (although the Privy Council remained the highest court of appeal).

Later in 1967, Anguilla's leaders expelled the Federation's police from the island, and declared the island's independence as the Republic of Anguilla. On 7 November 1970, a commission led by Hugh Wooding, former Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, published a report that unanimously rejected both the idea of an independent Anguilla and Anguilla's becoming a separate British colony, and recommended that the island should instead remain a part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.Milutin Tomanović (1971) Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1970, Institute of International Politics and Economics: Belgrade, p. 2461 (in Serbo-Croatian) The report was welcomed by Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw while the Council of Anguilla rejected it. Foreign and Commonwealth Office British Minister Joseph Godber stated in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that his government would analyze the report in light of discussions with all interested parties and that no decision unacceptable to the people of Anguilla would be made. A series of interim agreements followed that resulted in direct rule of the island from Britain, although it was not formally separated from St. Kitts and Nevis until December 1980, when it was made a separate Crown colony.

Nevis had also attempted to separate from the federation on several occasions. The island's leaders were unsuccessful in this effort, they did secure greater autonomy for Nevis in the years leading up to independence, which occurred in September 1983 after a delay of several years to allow for negotiations.Phillips, pp. 131–133 Sir Frederick Albert Phillips, the first governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, wrote in 2013:

Politics

List of administrators

From 1882 to 1958, the federation's administrator was under the wider jurisdiction of the Governor of the Leeward Islands. From 1958 to 1962, the administrator was responsible to the Governor-General of the West Indies Federation.Saint Kitts and Nevis – Rulers.org. Retrieved 24 April 2016.

President 1882–83: Alexander Wilson Moir 1883–88: Charles Monroe Eldridge (acting to 1885) 1888–89: Francis Spencer Wigley (acting)

Commissioner 1889–95: John Kemys Spencer-Churchill

Administrator 1895–99: Thomas Risely Griffith 1899–1904: Charles Thomas Cox 1904–06: Sir Robert Bromley 1906–16: Thomas Laurence Roxburgh 1916–25: John Alder Burdon 1925–29: Thomas Reginald St. Johnston 1929–31: Terence Charles Macnaghten 1931–40: Douglas Roy Stewart 1940–47: James Dundas Harford 1947–49: Leslie Stuart Greening 1949: Frederick Mitchell Noad 1949–56: Hugh Burrowes 1956–66: Henry Howard 1966–67: Sir Frederick Albert Phillips

Governor 1967–69: Sir Frederick Albert Phillips 1969–75: Sir Milton Pentonville Allen (acting to 1972) 1975–81: Sir Probyn Ellsworth Inniss 1981–83: Sir Clement Athelston Arrindell

List of heads of government

Chief Minister 1960–66: Caleb Azariah Paul Southwell 1966–67: Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw

Premier 1967–78: Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw 1978–79: Caleb Azariah Paul Southwell 1979–80: Sir Lee Llewellyn Moore 1980–83: Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds

Sport and culture

The national football team debuted in 1938, in a friendly against Grenada, but played only sporadically. It has played more regularly since independence."Saint Kitts and Nevis – List of International Matches" – RSSSF. Retrieved 25 April 2016. In cricket, the Anguilla, Nevis, and Saint Kitts national teams competed separately at regional level, although combined teams were occasionally fielded in the past.Other matches played by St Kitts and Nevis – CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 April 2016. Delegations from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla were sent to several editions of the CARIFTA Games, winning medals in 1977 and 1983. At the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the federation sent four competitors (two runners and two cyclists, all male), but failed to win a medal.Glenn Osborne competed in the 100 metres, running the slowest time in any of the seven heats, Ezzard Wilson competed in the 800 metres, and Vincent Benjamin and Cedric Maynard competing in various cycling events. "Medals won by St. Kitts & Nevis", 1978 Commonwealth Games – The Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 25 April 2016.

Notable people

Kelvin Jeffers (born 1963), former British Virgin Islands cricketer

References