Native Community Lands

Native Community Lands (, acronym: TCO; also translated as Communal Lands of Origin), according to Bolivian law, are territories held by indigenous people through collective title. The creation of these territories has been a major goal of Bolivian indigenous movements and a political initiative pursued by both neoliberal and indigenous-identified national governments. TCOs are being included under the Indigenous Originary Campesino Autonomy regime. , 60 TCOs had been proposed in the lowlands, of which 12 had completed titling, and 143 had been proposed in the highlands, of which 72 had final titles. More than 16.8 million hectares have been incorporated within Native Community Lands ,16,804,907 hectares had been titled as of December 2009; 5,762,058 of these by 2005, and 11,042,849 during the first term of President Evo Morales. more than 15% of Bolivia's land area.

Titling of indigenous territories was propelled by the March for Territory and Dignity in July and August 1990, organized by the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of the Bolivian East (CIDOB). This march demanded the recognition of four indigenous territories, which was granted through Supreme Decrees issued on 24 September 1990. State recognition was formalized through the 1993 Agrarian Reform Law, which authorized community land ownership and formalized Native Community Lands as the vehicle for this ownership. Responsibility for verifying and awarding title fell to the National Institute of Agrarian Reform. Page unclear, see search for "INRA". In the 1994 revision of the Constitution, indigenous rights to exercise "social, economic, and cultural rights" through Native Community Lands were recognized in Article 171. In the 2009 Constitution, Native Community Lands reappear as Indigenous Originary Campesino Territories in Article 403. A study by the Fundación Tierra found that while the Morales government has significantly advanced titling of Native Community Lands, it has resisted ensuring the constitution rights of TCO residents over the management of their territories and resources.

TCO Location Size(hectares) Date Established Established by Indigenous Peoples Previous Status Sirionó Indigenous Territory 52,408.71 ha Supreme Decree 22609 Sirionó Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory Cochabamba/Beni Department border 1,372,180 ha Supreme Decree 22610 Trinitario Mojeño, Yuracaré, Chimán National Park (since 1965) Multiethnic Indigenous Territory I Beni 365,483.26 ha Supreme Decree 22611 Trinitario Mojeño, Ignaciano Mojeño, Movima, Yuracaré, Tsimané Chimán Indigenous Territory I Beni 337,360.44 ha Supreme Decree 22611 Tsimané Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands Yungas region, northern La Paz Department and Beni 400,000 ha Supreme Decree 23110 Mosetén, Tsimané, Tacana Biosphere Reserve (since 1977) Chayantaka Native Community Lands north Potosí 36,366.79 INRA titling completed Chayantaka ayllu Lomerío Chiquitano Indigenous Territory 259,188 Supreme Decree 23112INRA Titling Complete Chiquitano Monte Verde Chiquitano Indigenous Territory Ñuflo de Chávez Province, Santa Cruz 947,440.8 Titling completed and awarded Chiquitano Araona Indigenous Territory Supreme Decree 23108 Yuki-Ichilo River Native Community Lands Cochabamba Supreme Decree 23111INRA Title RTIT00-000006 Yuki, Yuracaré, Trinitario, Movima Yuracaré Native Community Lands Cochabamba241,170.5 Yuracaré Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands Chuquisaca Guaraní Avatiri Huacareta Native Community Lands Chuquisaca Guaraní Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands Chuquisaca Guaraní Machareti-Ñancaroinza-Carandayti Native Community Lands Chuquisaca Guaraní Itikaraparirenda Native Community Lands Chuquisaca Guaraní Alto Parapetí Native Community Lands Santa Cruz Guaraní Ranches with Guaraní in conditions of servitude at paragraph 200. Nor Lípez Native Community Lands Nor Lípez Province, Potosí 2,000,291 INRA titling completed Central Única Provincial de Comunidades Originarias de Nor Lípez Jatun Ayllu-Juchuy Ayllu-Chaupi Ayllu Native Community Lands Sur Lípez Province, Potosí 1,557,532 INRA titling completed Jatun Ayllu, Juchuy Ayllu, Chaupi Ayllu indigenous communities Enrique Baldivieso Native Community Lands Enrique Baldivieso Province, Potosí 227,003 INRA titling completed Central Única de la Provincia de Comunidades Originarias Enrique Baldivieso

Notes

links List and maps of TCO in 2000