Nachtigal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gustav Nachtigal (1834–1885), German explorer Jacob M. Nachtigal (1874–1947), American architect, of Omaha, Nebraska Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal (1753–1819), German theologian and philologist Ralph Nachtigal (1933–2014), American politician
See also Nachtigal Falls, waterfalls on the Sanaga River, Cameroon Nachtigal Glacier Nachtigal Peak Nachtigall