The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.
There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.
Description and distribution Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.
Biology Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.
Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.
Taxonomy and phylogeny Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae. By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini. Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017). Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae. Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy. In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini. Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.
The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.
Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.
Genera The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:
Stenope van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018
Tribe Centistini Čapek, 1970 Allurus Förster, 1862 Asiacentistes Belokobylskij, 1995 Centistes Haliday, 1835 Centistoides van Achterberg, 1992 †Parasyrrhizus Brues, 1933
Tribe Cosmophorini Čapek, 1958 Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848 Cryptoxilos Viereck, 1911 Plynops Shaw, 1996 Ropalophorus Curtis, 1837 Sinuatophorus van Achterberg, 2000 Tuberidelus Chen & van Achterberg, 1997
Tribe Dinocampini Shaw, 1985 Betelgeuse Shaw, 1988 Centistina Enderlein, 1912 Dinocampus Förster, 1862 Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902 Yanayacu Zhang & Chen, 2015
Tribe Eadyini van Achterberg, 2000 Eadya Huddleston & Short, 1978
Tribe Ecnomiini van Achterberg, 1985 Ecnomios Mason, 1979 Korecnomios Park & van Achterberg, 1994
Tribe Euphorini Shaw, 1985 Leiophron Nees von Esenbeck, 1818 Mama Belokobylskij, 2000 Peristenus Förster, 1862
Tribe Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907 Aridelus Marshall, 1887 Chrysopophthorus Goidanich, 1948 Holdawayella Loan 1967 Wesmaelia Förster, 1862
Tribe Myiocephalini Chen & van Achterberg, 1997 Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897
Tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson, 1918 Elasmosoma Ruthe, 1858 †Elasmosomites Brues, 1933 Euneoneurus Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979 Kollasmosoma van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993 Neoneurus Haliday, 1838 Parelasmosoma Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979
†Tribe Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987 †Oncometeorus Tobias, 1987
Tribe Perilitini Förster, 1862 †Meteorites Brues, 1939 Microctonus Wesmael, 1835 Notioperilitus Belokobylskij, 2018 †Onychoura Brues, 1933 Orionis Shaw, 1987 Perilitus Nees, 1818 Rilipertus Haeselbarth, 1996 Spathicopis van Achterberg, 1977 Stenothremma Shaw, 1984
Tribe Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995 Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995 Paramannokeraia van Achterberg & Quicke, 2017 Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995
†Tribe Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987 †Prosyntretus Tobias, 1987
Tribe Pygostolini Belokobylskij, 2000 Litostolus van Achterberg, 1985 Pygostolus Haliday, 1833
Tribe Syntretini Shaw, 1985 Bracteodes De Saeger, 1946 Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993 Syntretellus De Saeger, 1946 Syntretomorpha Papp, 1962 Syntretoriana Parrott, 1953 Syntretus Förster, 1862
Tribe Townesilitini Shaw, 1985 Gretiella Stigenberg, 2021 Heia Chen & van Achterberg, 1997 Marshiella Shaw, 1985 Proclithrophorus Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981 Streblocera Westwood, 1833 Townesilitus Haeselbarth & Loan, 1983
References
External links Photos on BugGuide DNA barcodes at BOLD systems