A lamina emergent mechanism (LEM) or pop-up mechanism (as in pop-up books) is a compliant mechanism fabricated from planar materials (lamina) which has motion emerging from the fabrication plane. An LEM uses compliance, or the deflection of its flexible constituent parts, to achieve some or all of its motion.Jacobsen, J.O., Howell, L.L., Magleby, S.P., “Fundamental Components for Lamina Emergent Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the 2007 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 10–16, 2007, Seattle, WA, IMECE2007-42311.
Background Ortho-planar mechanisms are an earlier concept similar to LEMs.Parise, J.J., Howell, L.L., En Magleby, S.P., “Ortho-Planar Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the 26th Biennial Mechanisms En Robotics Conference, at the 2000 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, DETC2000/MECH-14193. More well known LEMs include pop-up books,Winder, B.G., Magleby, S.P., En Howell, L.L., “Kinematic Representations of Pop-up Paper Mechanisms,” Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2007 as part of the 2007 ASME Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 4-7, 2007, DETC2007-35505. flat-folding origami mechanisms, origami stents, and deployable mechanisms. The research in LEMs also overlaps with deployable structures,Albrechtsen, N. B., Magleby, S.P., and Howell, L.L. "Identifying Potential Applications for Lamina Emergent Mechanisms Using Technology Push Product Development" Proceedings of IDETC/CIE2010 as part of the 2010 ASME Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, Montreal, Canada, Aug. 15-18, 2010, DETC2010-28531. origami, kirigami, compliant mechanisms, microelectromechanical systems, packaging engineering,J.S. Dai En F. Cannella, Stiffness Characteristics of Carton Folds for Packaging, Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 130, no. 2, page 022305_1-7, 2008. robotics,Devin Balkcom, "Robotic Origami Folding," doctoral dissertation, tech. report CMU-RI-TR-04-43, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, August, 2004 paper engineering, developable mechanisms, and more.
References
External links Compliant Mechanism Research Group at BYU Motion Structure research at Oxford Rigid Origami Structure research by Tomohiro Tachi Metamorphic Mechanism research at King's College London Robotic Origami Folding research at Carnegie Mellon