Prunus angustifolia, known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree.
Description Chickasaw plum grows tall and wide in an irregular shape. It is "twiggy" in nature, and has a scaly, almost black bark. Its branches are reddish with thornlike, small side branches.
From February to May, small white flowers blossom, wide, along with red plums, up to long. The flowers have five white petals with reddish or orange anthers. The plums are cherry-like and tend to be quite tart until they fully ripen. They ripen in late summer. It requires low to medium amounts of water to grow, and dry, sandy or loose soil. It grows best in areas with regular sunlight or areas of partial shade. In sunny areas, it will be more dense and colonize thickly. In areas of partial shade, it will be thinner and less dense, and each plant will be more spread out.
Similar species P. angustifolia is very difficult to distinguish from P. umbellata, with which it hybridizes easily.
Taxonomy American plum (Prunus americana Marsh.) hybridizes naturally with P. angustifolia to produce P. × orthosepala Koehne.Lee, Sangtae; Wen, Jun. (2001). A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany. 88(1): 150-160.
The specific epithet, angustifolia, refers to the plant's narrow leaves.
Distribution and habitat P. angustifolia is widespread across much of the eastern and central United States from Florida west as far as New Mexico and California, north to Nebraska, Illinois, and New Jersey, with a few isolated populations in northern Michigan.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
The species grows in dry and sandy soils, such as open woodlands, woodland edges, forest openings, savannahs, prairies, plains, meadows, pastures, and roadsides. They are often found growing wild along highways, especially in the southern U.S.
It is listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as an endangered species in the state of New Jersey.
Ecology It is used by many species as a larval host, including the black-waved flannel moth, the blinded sphinx, the cecropia moth, the coral hairstreak, the elm sphinx, the hummingbird clearwing moth, the imperial moth, the Io moth, the polyphemus moth, the promethea silkmoth, the red-spotted purple, the small-eyed sphinx, the spring azure, the striped hairstreak, and the tiger swallowtail.The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
Cultivation
The species was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans.Bartram, W. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida. 1791.Sargent, C. S. Manual of the trees of North America. 2nd Ed. Vol. II. Dover Pub., Inc. New York. 934p. 1965.Little, E. L. Checklist of United States Trees. USDA Forest service. Washington, D.C. 1979.
Chickasaw plums tend to bloom early in the spring before many other plants bloom, and require very little maintenance; as a result, they are often used in ornamental horticulture.
Chickasaw plum is sometimes grown for fruit production. In this instance, it is often hybridized with the related P. salicina (Japanese plum) for improved traits such as fruit size. These hybrids frequently have superior disease resistance required for growing plums in the disease-heavy southeastern U.S. Some known plum varieties with Chickasaw plum parentage are:
AU-Amber AU-Cherry AU-Rosa Bruce Byrongold Robusto Segundo
Pure P. angustifolia selections with superior fruit exist as well, such as Guthrie.
Uses The -in. edible fruits change from yellow to red when fully ripe. They may be eaten raw and are often made into jellies. Because of its attractive bark, small leaves and thin branches, Chickasaw plum is also sometimes used for bonsai. In culture It became the official state fruit of Kansas in 2022.
References
External links
Oklahoma Biological Survey USDA Prunus Angustifolia Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Floridata Prunus Angustifolia The University of Texas at Austin Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Kansas Forest Service