West Bird's Head languages are a small family of poorly documented Papuan languages spoken on the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.
The West Bird's Head (WBH) family is a well-defined family of six languages spoken at the western end of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea and the eastern part of the island of Salawati opposite the Bird's Head's western shore. Based on pronominal evidence, they appear to be related to the North Halmahera languages of North Maluku.
Language contact West Bird's Head languages have been heavily influenced by Austronesian languages. Austronesian influence is evident in SVO word order (as opposed to SOV word order in most other Papuan language families), pronouns, numerals, and other typological features.
Languages
West Bird's Head Seget–Moi (Sele Strait): Seget Moi South West Bird's Head (Seremuk River): Tehit (or Kaibus; the most populous, with 10,000 speakers) Kalabra (close to Tehit) Moraid ? Kuwani
Kuwani is attested only from a single word list, but is clearly distinct.Voorhoeve, C.L. 1975. West Papuan Phylum languages on the mainland of New Guinea: Bird's Head (Vogelkop) Peninsula. Papuan Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene, ed. by S.A. Wurm, 717-28. (Pacific Linguistics C-38). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
These languages cannot be easily linked to other families of the Bird's Head Peninsula. They have been plausibly connected to the geographically close North Halmahera (NH) family, a relationship considered clear by Reesink 1998; however, the evidence does not appear to be conclusive. In particular, the available lexical evidence is flimsy, as noted by Holton and Klamer (2018). On the other hand, the geographical proximity of the two families lends credibility to this proposal. The connection between WBH and NH was first proposed by H.K.J. Cowan (1957), and further discussed by C.L. Voorhoeve (1987, 1994).
A link between WBH and the isolates Abun and Maybrat has also been proposed (Wichmann 2013, Flassy 2002).Wichmann, Søren. 2013. A classification of Papuan languages . In: Hammarström, Harald and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.), History, contact and classification of Papuan languages (Language and Linguistics in Melanesia, Special Issue 2012), 313-386. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.
Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975),Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. kalen, kelem, kele for “bird”) or not (e.g. tolok, begu, niwi for “egg”).
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Kalabra !! Moi !! Moraid !! Seget !! Tehit |- ! head | safas || sawa || sawag || sadus || sam |- ! hair | sadin || sagin || sadie || salas || gen |- ! eye | sifoko || suo || sgolfun || si || tsifon |- ! tooth | tela || efek || etəla || gifek || -hek |- ! leg | terit || telek || ere || cek || ndeit |- ! louse | on || sayam || oŋ || wut || hain |- ! dog | houn || ofun || ŋouŋ || awfu || |- ! pig | beak || baik || mimula || mon || |- ! bird | kalen || kelem || kele || klem || klen |- ! egg | weko || tolok || begu || niwi || mesyen |- ! blood | hein || sdam || hijeg || sədam || hon |- ! bone | kodus || kodus || kedoq || nədus || honim |- ! skin | falak || -kesik || balg || nensiek || falek |- ! tree | kout || ouk || pelu || bua || molom |- ! man | nadele || (ne) dala || dli || nanla || naadla |- ! sun | pun || dewe || telu || tale || pun |- ! water | kala || kala || kəla || kla || sem |- ! fire | sal || yak || salp || yap || |- ! stone | amak || kwak || amp || kuat || amak |- ! name | nakadi || kedi || numhamone || nomo || kendim |- ! eat | atkaren || wak || nagrimi || nate || atni |- ! one | mere || mele || merəh || məre || mre |- ! two | lap || ali || telok || ali || la; lauh
References