Postnikov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Postnikova. It may refer to
Aleksandr Postnikov (born 1957), Russian military officer Alexey Georgiyevich Postnikov (1921–1995), Russian mathematician Alexey Vladimirovich Postnikov (born 1939), Russian historian Filipp Postnikov (born 1989), Russian football midfielder Golnur Postnikova (born 1964), Russian alpine skier Mikhail Postnikov (1927–2004), Russian mathematician Postnikov square Postnikov system Pyotr Postnikov (1666–1703), Russian diplomat Stanislav Postnikov (1928–2012), Soviet military commander Vadim Postnikov, Russian rugby player Valery Postnikov (1945–2016), Russian ice hockey player and coach Viktor Postnikov (born 1992), Russian ice hockey defenceman Viktoria Postnikova (born 1944), Russian pianist Yevgeny Postnikov (born 1986), Russian football player