The National Confederation of Peruvian Communities Affected by Mining (CONACAMI, in ) is a Peruvian indigenous rights organization with a focus on defending the rights of indigenous peoples living in communities that are close to (future) large scale mining projects. The organization tries to protect them against the potential negative impacts of mining. Of the 6000 communities in Peru, 3200 experience negative effects of the extractive industries. CONACAMI is a national organization and gives support to the 19 regional organizations. These handle the specific conflicts between indigenous communities and mining companies.
Mission and vision CONACAMI aimes at protecting indigenous peoples and their communities against the negative impacts of extractive industries. These impacts includeDirty Gold's Impacts, retrieved on 2 April 2011.ICCM Good Practice Guide: Indigenous Peoples and Mining . environmental ones, such as water pollution with mercury, cyanide and heavy metals, air pollution, including lead poisoning, solid waste, and others. There are also social impacts which include among others the violation of human rights in the decision-making process, immigration of job seekers into the community and workers' health problems and fatal accidents. Thirdly, cultural impacts are possible. These include the loss of or change in traditional livelihoods, the destruction of or damage to cultural heritage and the disturbance of sacred natural sites, mainly due to open pit mining. Former leader of CONACAMI, Miguel Palacín, explained this final impact in an interview in 2005 as: "To open a pit in the highest mountain, the Apu, is like tearing a hole in the Cathedral of Lima to the Catholics"CONACAMI President Denounces State Political Persecution, 01 Sept 2005, retrieved on 1 April 2011. Besides the described negative impacts, there are also potential positive aspects of mining, which include new job opportunities, improved infrastructure and services and different social, environmental or cultural heritage programs set up by the mining companies and/or regional authorities. But these potential positive impacts on the local communities often remain promises which aren not fulfilled. The affected communities invoke the ILO Convention no. 169 to argue that they have the right of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) to activities that affect their lives.
CONACAMI envisions the Andean idea of el buen vivir (in Quechua: sumaq kawsay), translated as living well, as opposed to the Western concept of neoliberalism. It calls for a way of living in which people, communities and the environment are in harmony and respect each other, in which not only the rights of man count, but also those of Mother Earth (Pachamama). One person or group of people should not aim for profit at the expense of another, in which the other could be another person or another group of people as well as the environment.
History CONACAMI was founded in October 1999 at a meeting with representatives of over 1200 Peruvian communities. Because of the neoliberalism of Fujimori's (1990–2000) politics, mining activities grew without paying attention to the local communities.CONACAMI Nuestra Historia , retrieved on 11 March 2012. The negative impacts of the mining activities on these indigenous communities were large and in 1997 and 1998 they started their resistance, which eventually resulted in the foundation of CONACAMI. In its first years of existence, the organization gathered knowledge about the problems, got the situation on the political agenda and had its first grand success in Tambogrande, where after years of resistance the mining project was cancelled by the Peruvian government as a result of a referendum.
In the beginning, the organization proposed bilateral communication with the mining companies, but at the Second National Congress in 2003 it was decided to take a different approach.NACLA Report on the Americas, Sept/Oct 2010: El buen vivir: Peruvian Indigenous leader Mario Palacios. The organization now rejects mining and neoliberal practices as a whole. Furthermore, they turned into an indigenous confederation and are now focussing on the defense of indigenous peoples' rights.
During the years it became clear that the conflicts were too numerous which made it impossible for CONACAMI to coordinate all the conflicts.CONACAMI: boeren komen op voor hun rechten, 9 Dec 2010 , retrieved on 1 April 2011. Therefore, they decided on the Third National Congress (2005) to focus on giving advice, knowledge and tools to the regional organization in order to give them the capacity to solve the problems on a regional level.
CONACAMI started with globalization through affiliations with other indigenous organizations such as the Bolivian organization CONAMAQ and ECUARUNARI from Ecuador.Los diez primeros años de CONACAMI, 22 Oct 2009, retrieved on 2 April 2011. Among these organization knowledge and experiences were shared. In July 2006 CONACAMI cofounded CAOI (Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Indígenas) in which multiple indigenous organizations from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile are brought together. In October 2009 CONACAMI celebrated its 10th anniversary and organized together with its affiliated organizations the Global Minga in Defense of Mother Earth and Her Peoples (12–16 October).
National board Members of the National board of CONACAMI (February 2011):CONACAMI Consejo Directivo Nacional , retrieved on 11 March 2012. Magdiel Carrión Pintado: President Luis Siveroni Morales: Vice president Secretaries: Nora Melchor Cohaila: Land and water protection Pablo Salas Charca: Institutional development Víctor Rodríguez Lauret: Environmental monitoring Gioconda Baca Vargas and Hilda Huamán Huamaní: Records and files Felipe Cortez Zeballos: Economy Gumercinda Neira Cornejo: Women Benito Calixto Guzmán: International and foreign relations Roberto Martínez Pérez: Training and culture Odilón Huaraya Labra: Press and publicity Carlos Candiotti: Human rights
Regional organizations CONACAMI is an umbrella organization in which 19 regional organizations are organized.CONACAMI Quiénes somos , retrieved on 11 March 2012. The majority is called CORECAMI (Coordinadora Regional de Comunidades Afectados por la Minería) which makes them recognizable as affiliated with CONACAMI.
Northern Peru FEPROCCA (Federación Provincial de Comunidades de la Provincia de Ayabaca) – Piura Frente de Defensa del Medio Ambiente de Carmen de la Frontera – Piura CORECAMI – Ancash
Central Peru FERECCNPA (Federación Regional de Comunidades Campesinas y Nativas de Pasco) – Pasco CORECAMI – Pasco CORECAMI – Junín Red Ambiental y Territorial del Valle Dorado de los Andes – Junín CREDEMAV (Coordinadora Regional de Defensa del Medio Ambiente y la Vida) del Callao – Lima CORECAMI – Oyon CORECAMI – Ica Comunidad Campesina de Quispillacta – Ayacucho CORECAMI – Huancavelica CODICAMI – Secclla (Coordinadora Distrital de Comunidades Afectados por la Minería) – Huancavelica
Southern Peru CORECAMI – Apurimac CORECAMI – Arequipa CORECAMI – Moquegua CORECAMI – Cuzco CORECAMI – Tacna CORECAMI – Puno
Affiliated organizations OCMAL: Observatorio de Conflictos Mineros de América Latina (Observatory of mining conflicts in Latin America) AIDESEP (Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana) – Peru Website ECUARUNARI (Confederación de Pueblos de la Nacionalidad Kichwa del Ecuador) – Ecuador Website CONAMAQ (Consejo Nacional de Ayllus y Markas del Qullasuyum) – Bolivia Website CAOI (Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Indígenas) Website LABOR Peru Website Friends of the Earth International Oxfam – United States 11.11.11 – Belgium Website IBIS – Denmark Website
References
External links CONACAMI website OCMAL: Observatorio de Conflictos Mineros de América Latina (Observatory of mining conflicts in Latin America) Mining in Paradise? No-go zones for mining, project supported by CONACAMI