Model dwellings were buildings or estates constructed, mostly during the Victorian era, along philanthropic lines to provide decent living accommodation for the working class. They were typically erected by private model dwellings companies and usually with the aim of making a return on investment, hence the description of the movement as "five per cent philanthropy."Tarn, JN (1973) Five Per Cent Philanthropy: an account of housing in urban areas between 1840 and 1914 London:CUP As such they were forerunners of modern-day municipal housing.

This is a list of still-standing model dwellings, organised by builder. Most of these companies are now defunct; a few, such as the Peabody Trust are still operating and building new accommodation, and others have been subsumed by larger firms. This list covers urban development on the principle of "five per cent philanthropy"; for communities built to house workers for a particular trade or employer, see model village or company town.

Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company

The Artizans' Company (ALGDC) was established in 1867 by William Austin, becoming one of the largest of the model dwellings companies in the late Victorian era. It was best known for its large, low-rise, suburban estates in London. It was later subsumed into Sun Life Financial.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Noel ParkWelch, Caroline (2006). Noel Park: A Social and Architectural History. London: Haringey Council Libraries, Archives & Museum Services Wood Green, London 1882–1929 Pinnerwood ParkHarrow Council – Pinnerwood Park Estate Initial Consultation – Character Appraisal and Management Strategy Pinner, London 1932–1935 Queen's ParkCity of Westminster: The Queen's Park Estate Design Guide Kilburn, London 1874–1881 Shaftesbury ParkWandsworth Council – conservation area documentation Battersea, London 1872–1877 Leigham CourtLambeth Council conservation guidelines Streatham, London 1889–1928 Crawford BuildingsMarylebone Mercury and West London Gazette, 18 May 1901, p.6 Marylebone, London 1893 Wendover Court (formerly East Street Buildings) Marylebone, London 1890-1891 Seymour Buildings Marylebone, London 1889

Chester Cottage Improvement Company

The Chester Cottage Improvement Company was founded in 1892,Lewis, C.P. and Thacker, A.T. (eds.) "Topography 900-1914: Victorian and edwardian, 1840-1914" in A History of the County of Chester: Volume 5 part 1: The City of Chester: General History and Topography (2003), pp. 229-238. Date accessed: 1 April 2011 and was a particular concern of the Duke of Westminster.Savage, 'Working Class Standards of Living', 40; G. Huxley, Victorian Duke: Life of Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, First Duke of Westminster, 146

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Priory PlaceBritish Listed BuildingsBritish Listed BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Chester, Cheshire 1898

East End Dwellings Company

The EEDC was founded by Samuel Barnett and others in 1882 in order to provide particularly for the area that is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Museum HouseAnn. Rep. of M.B.W. H.C. 157, p. 105 (1887), lxxi; ibid. H.C. 159, p. 13 (1888), lxxxvii; ibid. H.C. 326, p. 141 (1889), lxvi; G.L.R.O., MBW 2459/8. From: "Bethnal Green: Building and Social Conditions from 1876 to 1914" in Baker, T.F.T. (1998) A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green pp. 126-132 Date accessed: 1 April 2011 Burnham Road, Bethnal Green, London 1888 Dunstan HousesLondon Borough of Tower Hamlets: Stepney Green Conservation Area Stepney Green, London 1899 Thornhill HousesThornhill Houses Tenants and Residents Association Thornhill Road, Barnsbury, London 1902 Whidborne BuildingsLondon Borough of Camden: King's Cross Voices Kings Cross, London 1890s

Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company

The Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company (ECBC) was founded by a group of stonemasons in Edinburgh in 1861. By 1872 they had built nearly 1,000 houses in six parts of Edinburgh and Leith,Resources for Learning in Scotland commonly known as colony houses.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Abbeyhill ColoniesScotland's Places London Road, Abbeyhill, Edinburgh Dalry ColoniesEdinburgh Architecture Dalry, Edinburgh 1868–1870 Shaftesbury Park Shandon, Edinburgh 1883–1904 Stockbridge Colonies Glenogle Road, Stockbridge, Edinburgh 1861–1867

Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Stepney Green CourtIDS Stepney Green, London 1896 Navarino MansionsIDS Dalston Lane, Hackney 1903-5 Mocatta HouseIDS Brady Street, Whitechapel, London 1905 Evelina MansionsIDS Camberwell, London 1900 Rebecca HouseIDS Mile End, London 1933

Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (IIDC) was founded by the stationer (and later Lord Mayor) Sir Sydney Waterlow in 1863.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Asmun's Hill cottages Hampstead Garden Suburb, London 1909 Clarendon BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Balderton Street, Westminster, London 1872 Cobden BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings King's Cross Road, London 1865 Cromwell BuildingBritish Listed Buildings Redcross Way, Camberwell, London 1864 Derby BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Wicklow Street, Camden Town, London c.1865 Grosvenor EstateBritish History Online (now operated by Peabody Trust) Brownhart Gardens, Mayfair, London 1886–1982 Leopold BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Bakers Rents, Poplar, London 1872 Stanley BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Midland Road, Camden Town, London 1865 Tower BuildingsBritish Listed Buildings Brewhouse Lane, Wapping, London 1864 Waterlow CourtBritish Listed BuildingsEnglish Heritage Hampstead Garden Suburb, London 1907–1909

Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes

The MAIDIC was the first company to be formed for the specific purpose of providing model homes, in 1844. It built mainly within London.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Albert CottagesBritish Listed Buildings Stepney, London 1858 Alexandra CottagesAlexandra Cottages Residents AssociationLondon Borough of Bromley Penge, London 1866–1868 Gibson GardensThe Gibson Gardens History and Cookbook, Centerprise Trust, 1984 ()Robson, D. (1998) Gaslight on the Cobble: Family life in Gibson Gardens and Stoke Newington 1923-1955 Paz Publications () Stoke Newington, London 1880 Howard HouseBritish History OnlineBritish Listed Buildings Deal Street, Stepney, London 1864 Victoria CottagesBritish Listed Buildings Woodseer Street, Stepney, London 1864

Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (NUTIIDC) was founded by James HallArcadja Auctions, portrait of the founder Accessed 01/04/2011 in 1859.British Listed Buildings

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Garth Heads Industrial Workers' DwellingsEnglish Heritage Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne 1869–1878

Peabody Trust

The Peabody Trust was set up following a huge gift for the poor of London from the banker George Peabody in 1862.Peabody Trust It became one of the largest providers of model housing for the working classes.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Abbey Orchard Street EstateCity of Westminster Conservation Area Consultation Victoria, London 1880s Bethnal Green Peabody EstatePeabody Trust Cambridge Crescent, Bethnal Green, London 1910 Coleshill FlatsBritish Listed Buildings Mozart Terrace, Westminster, London 1871 Horseferry Peabody Estate Victoria, London 1922 Islington Peabody Estate Greenman Street, Islington, London 1864–6 Langley Mansions Langley Lane, Vauxhall, London 1900 Lawrence Street Peabody Estate Lawrence Street, Chelsea, London 1870 Old Pye Street Peabody Estate Victoria, London 1880s Peabody Square Blackfriars Road, Bermondsey, London 1871 Pimlico Peabody Estate Peabody Avenue, Pimlico, London 1876 Poplar Peabody Estate Elf Row, Poplar, London 1866 Shadwell Peabody Estate Glamis Street, Stepney, London 1866 Spitalfields Peabody DwellingsThis was the Peabody Trust's first block of dwellings, but was sold in the late 1970s (being much smaller than the later estates, and outdated in its facilities), and is now a private residential block named The Cloisters. Commercial Street, Spitalfields, London 1863–4 Tottenham Peabody Estate Lordship Lane, Tottenham, London 1907 Whitechapel Peabody Estate John Fisher Street, Whitechapel, London 1880s Whitecross Street Peabody Estate Finsbury, London 1883 Wild Street Peabody Estate Drury Lane, Covent Garden, London

Pilrig Model Dwellings Company

This company was founded in Edinburgh in 1849 and built the earliest model dwellings (see colony houses) in Edinburgh. The work of the PMDC was an inspiration to Henry Roberts, who went on to become one of the most prolific architects of model housing.Roberts, H. (1861) Examples of Efforts in Scotland to Provide Improved Dwellings for the Working Classes. Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science – p779ff

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Shaw Colonies[Pilrig Model Dwellings Company Edinburgh Architecture]British Listed Buildings Shaw's Place, Edinburgh, Scotland 1849–1862

Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes

The SICLC was one of the earliest model dwellings companies. It grew out of the Labourer's Friend Society into a housing provider in 1844 and built a number of properties in London, most of which no longer exist.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Dimsdale Street (built to SICLC pattern for the Great Exhibition) 11 Cowbridge, Hertford, Hertfordshire 1852 Parnell HouseBritish Listed Buildings Streatham Street, Camden Town 1849 Turner CourtBritish Listed BuildingsHullWebs St Luke's Street, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire 1862

Others A number of other schemes were built by private individuals or other concerns.

Name of dwelling Location Date of construction Notes Friary Close Marmion Road, Portsmouth 1851 Gothic style. Architect Thomas Ellis Owen. Comprises 24 individual dwellings and one shop on the Friary Close frontage.British Listed Buildings New CourtBritish Listed Buildings Streatley Place, Hampstead, London 1854 Block of 30 flats, built for Hugh Jackson, solicitor. Rosebank Cottages Edinburgh, Scotland 1854–1860 Built by Sir James GowansDictionary of Scottish Architects for "the better class of mechanics and others."British Listed Buildings Modelled on the Pilrig cottages.

See also Company town Model villages Model Dwellings Companies Prince Albert's Model Cottage

References