An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Uzbekistan on 29 December 1991,Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p490 alongside presidential elections and three days after the breakup of the USSR that Uzbekistan had previously declared independence from. The result was 98% of voters in favour, with a turnout of 94%.Nohlen et al, p492
Background In a USSR-wide referendum held in March, 95% of voters in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic voted in favour of preserving the Soviet Union as "a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?". There was also a separate question asked only in the Uzbek SSR, with 95% of voters voting in favour of the proposal that the country "should remain part of a renewed Union (federation) as a sovereign republic with equal rights".Uzbekistan, 17 March 1991: Equal sovereign republic Direct Democracy
However, following the failure of the attempted coup d'état in August, which Uzbek leadership had endorsed, it was decided to seek independence.Uzkekistan, 29 December 1991: Independence Direct Democracy Independence was subsequently declared on 31 August,B.V. Rao (200) History Of Modern Europe (1789-1992) Sterling Publishers, p337 and the Soviet Union ceased to exist on 26 December 1991,END OF THE SOVIET UNION; The Soviet State, Born of a Dream, Dies The New York Times, 26 December 1991 three days before the referendum. Uzbekistan was the only republic to hold an independence referendum after the disintegration of the Union, albeit after already having declared independence while it still existed.
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