Lyakhov or Liakhov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Lyakhova or Liakhova. Notable people with the surname include:
Ivan Lyakhov (died c. 1800), Russian explorer Olha Lyakhova (born 1992), Ukrainian middle-distance runner Sergey Lyakhov (born 1968), Russian discus thrower Vladimir Liakhov (1869–1919), Russian military commander Vladimir Lyakhov (1941–2018), Russian cosmonaut Yuliya Lyakhova (born 1977), Russian high jumper
See also Lyakhovsky