The Vilayet of Syria (; ),Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Suriye ("Yearbook yof the Vilayet of Syria"), Syria vilâyet matbaası, Suriye [Syria], 1300 . in the website of HathiTrust Digital Library. also known as Vilayet of Damascus,Geographical Dictionary of the World in the early 20th Century. Logos Press, New Delhi, 1906. was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.
At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of , while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,000,000.Asia by A. H. Keane, page 460 The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.
History In 1864, the Vilayet Law was promulgated.The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516–1918: A Social and Cultural History, pp. 177, 181–182. Bruce Masters, Cambridge University Press, 2013. The new provincial law was implemented in Damascus in 1865, and the reformed province was named Suriyya/Suriye, reflecting a growing historical consciousness among the local intellectuals. Jerusalem was separated from the rest of the province, and made into an independent sanjak of Jerusalem that reported directly to Istanbul, rather than Damascus. Mount Lebanon had been similarly made into a self-governing mutesarrifate in 1864.
In 1872, a new administrative region was created, with its center in Ma'an, but the costs for the new administrative unit far outweighed the revenues, and it was closed the following year. In 1884, the governor of Damascus made a proposal to establish a new vilayet of southern Syria, though nothing came out of this.
In 1888, a vilayet of Beirut was formed from the coastal areas of the vilayet of Syria. In May 1892, another proposal was made for a regional government centered in Ma'an, which was approved in August. In mid-1895, the centre of this mutasarrifiyya was moved to Karak (Mutasarrifate of Karak), marking the southernmost extent of Ottoman rule in the vilayet of Syria.
As of 1897, the Vilayet Syria was divided into four sanjaks: Damascus, Hama, Hauran and Karak. The Vilayet's capital was Damascus.First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936, Volume II, p. 909. BRILL, 1927, 1993.
See also Ottoman Syria Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire
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