This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not, due to the inherent gray area between such objects and brown dwarfs, include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.
The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged are Epsilon Indi Ab and 14 Herculis c, which have six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 3.5Ga and eight times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 4.6Ga, respectively. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.
It is unlikely or at least unclear if objects on a wide orbit (≥100 AU) formed in circumstellar disks and these objects are therefore more often referred as planetary-mass companions. Only in rare cases, such as for HD 106906 b, the formation of the object in the disk is seen plausible.
Key Exoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.
ADI = Angular Differential Imaging KLIP = Karhunen–Loève Image Processing LOCI = Locally Optimized Combination of Images NRM = Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry RSDI = Reference Star Differential Imaging SDI = Spectral Differential Imaging TLOCI = Template Locally Optimized Combination of Images
Exoplanets Although listed in the table below, the identities of Alpha Centauri candidate 1, FW Tau b, 2MASS J044144 b, CVSO 30 c and HD 100546 b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets. † There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them.
Star Exoplanet Image Mass (MJ) Radius (RJ) Period (yr) Observed separation (AU) Eccentricity Distance to Earth (ly) Year of imaging confirmation Year of discovery Year of first image Imaging technique Ref(s).WISE 0146+4234WISE 0146+4234 B† 10 ±410632015AOWISE J0336-0143WISE J0336-0143 B† 4–12.5 5–9 32.7 ± 0.7 2023 2023 2022 source subtraction Alpha Centauri A Alpha Centauri Ab (?) 0.11±0.05 0.459±0.17 ~1 1.1 4.37 2021CFBDSIR J145829+101343CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b 104 ± 8 2011 2011 2010 Direct imagingHD 206893HD 206893 c 5.7 133.0 ± 0.2 2023 2023 2021 interferometryHD 206893 B† 26 2016 2016 2015 ADI, PCAWISE 1217+1626WISE 1217+1626 A b 22 ± 2 0.934 ± 0.029 130–210 8.0 ± 1.3 30.4 ± 1.0 2012 2012 Direct imagingAF LeporisAF Lep b 1.30 ± 0.15 87.55 ± 0.05 2023 2023 2011 Direct imaging Beta Pictoris Beta Pictoris b 2010 2008 2003 RSDI Beta Pictoris d <0.44 202620262014Direct Imaging, Spectral Template Matching 51 Eridani 51 Eridani b 96.0 ± 1.0 2015 2015 2014 ADI, KLIP RX J0534.0-0221RX J0534.0-0221 b~70140.4112202620262024coronagraph HR 8799 HR 8799 e 49 14.5 0.14 133.3 ± 0.2 2010 2010 2009 ADI, LOCI HR 8799 d 9.2 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.1 100 24.5 0.09 133.3 ± 0.2 2008 2008 2008 ADI, LOCI HR 8799 c 8.5 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.1 189 37.4 0.24 133.3 ± 0.2 2008 2008 2004/2007 ADI, LOCI HR 8799 b 6.0 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.1 474 69.2 0.17 133.3 ± 0.2 2008 2008 2004/2007 ADI, LOCI 2M J044144 2M J044144 b† 9.8 ± 1.8 15 ± 0.6 400 ± 10 2010 2010 2008 Direct imagingWISE 1711+3500WISE 1711+3500 B 8.1-26 280–430 15 ± 2 75 ± 3 2012 2012 laser AOTYC 5709-354-1WISPIT 2c 8-12 0.91-2.2 15 437 ± 1 2026 2025 2025Direct imaging/ InterferometryWISPIT 2b 5.3 ± 1.0 1.6 ± 0.2 54 2025 2025 2023Direct imaging 29 Cygni HIP 99770 b 1.5 ± 0.3 132.9 ± 0.4 2023 2022 2021 ALOCI HD 135344AHD 135344Ab 440 ± 1 2025 2025 2019 coronagraph and interferometry14 Herculis14 Herculis c 1.03 ± 0.01 143 ± 3 58.38 ± 0.03 2025 2006 (RV) 2024 coronagraphHR 2562HR 2562 B8-18.51.1120.31112016Direct imaging PDS 70 PDS 70 b 366.6 ± 0.8 2018 2018 2012/2016 ADI, TLOCI PDS 70 c 366.6 ± 0.8 2019 2019 2016/2018 SDIHIP 81208 CHIP 81208 Cb† 14.8 477 ± 3 2023 2023 2019 PACO ASDIHIP 54515HIP 54515 b 271.4 2025 2025 2022 Coronagraph, spectroscopy, astrometryEpsilon Indi A Epsilon Indi Ab 1.08 0.40 11.867 ± 0.004 2024 2019 (RV)/2002 (RV) 2019/2023 coronagraphic imagesHD 169142HD 169142 b 3 ± 2 37.2 375 ± 1 2023 2019 2015 pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI 59 Virginis Gliese 504 b† 1–17 43.5 57.4 ± 0.1 2013 2013 2011 ADI, LOCI 2M1207 2M1207b † 5.5 ± 0.5 1.13 >2029 ≥49.8 ± 1.1 211 ± 2 2005 2004 2004 Direct imaging CE AntliaeTWA 7b 0.3 550 52 111.2 ± 0.1 2025 2024 Direct imaging2MASS J01225093-24395052MASS J01225093-2439505 b24.51.0521102013Direct imagingKR MuscaeHD 100546 b 1.65-25 3.4 53 ± 2 353 ± 1 2013 2011 Direct imagingElias 2-24Elias 2-24 b1.9-4.0454202620212018coronagraph Kappa Andromedae Kappa Andromedae b 13 55 2013 ADI, LOCI HD 95086 HD 95086 b 5.0 ? 56 ? 2013 ADI, LOCI HD 143811AB HD 143811 AB b 2025 2025 2016 Coronagraphic imaging Delorme 1 (AB)Delorme 1 (AB) b† 12-14841542013AO HIP 65426 HIP 65426 b 6-12 1.5 600 92 2017 ADI, TLOCI AB Aurigae AB Aurigae b 9-20 <2.75 93 0.19-0.60 509 ± 3 2022 2022 2007/2016 ADI/RSDI, ALOCI MWC 758MWC 758 c 100 508 ± 2 2019 2016 Direct imagingGQ LupiGQ Lupi b 1–36 3.7 114 ± 33 495 ± 4 2005 2004 1994/1999 Direct imaging2MASS J04372171+26510142M0437 b3-51184182021AO ROXs 42B ROXs 42Bb 2.10 ± 0.35 1968 157 440 ± 16 2013 2005 2001/2011 Speckle Imaging & Direct imaging 2MASS J02192210-39252252MASS J02192210-3925225 b13.91.441601312015Direct imagingTYC 8998-760-1TYC 8998-760-1 b †141603092020imaging + coronagraphTYC 8998-760-1 c63202020NIRISS-NGC1333-10NIRISS-NGC1333-10 B ~15 164 978 2024 2023 direct imaging +slitless spectroscopy2MASS J16262785−2625152KOINTREAU-4b or 2026 2022 Direct imagingAB PictorisAB Pictoris b† 1.57 - 1.8 190 163.5 ± 0.1 2005 2005 2003 Imaging+ coronagraphCFHTWIR-Oph 98CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b 1.86±0.05~22000200±64472021Direct imagingCHXR 73CHXR 73 b 210 620 ± 20 2006 2005 Direct imagingROXs 12ROXs 12 b 162140.834522013Direct imaging2MASS J22362452+47514252M2236+4751 b† 11-142302052017AOMu2 ScorpiiMu2 Scorpii b†l14.4±0.8242.40.564742022Direct imagingOphiuchi 11Ophiuchi 11 b 21 ± 3 20000 243 ± 55 430 ± 20 2006 2006 2005 Direct imagingGSC 6214-00210GSC 6214-00210 b† 17 ± 3 1.91 ± 0.07 320 355 2011 2008 2007 NRM FW Tauri FW Tauri b† 10±4 or star ~12000 330 ? 2013 Direct imagingDH TauriDH Tauri b† 11 ± 3 2.7 ± 0.8 330 441 ± 4 2005 2004 1999Coronagraph, AO 1RXS J1609 1RXS 1609 b† 1.7 6518 331.1 0.08 450 ± 1 2010 2008 2008 Direct imagingWISPIT 1ABWISPIT 1b 338 746 2025 2025 2022Direct imagingWISPIT 1c 840 746 2025 2025 2022Direct imagingISO-Oph 96KOINTREAU-3b or 2026 2022 Direct imagingHIP 79098 ABHIP 79098 AB b20.5±4.5345±65002019Direct imaging VHS 1256-1257 VHS 1256 b † 16 ± 1 /12.0 ± 0.1 1.22 /1.30 69.0 ± 0.7 2015 2015 2011 Direct imaging HD 203030 HD 203030 B 487 128.2 ± 0.3 2006 2006 2002 SDI CT ChamaeleontisCT Chamaeleontis b† 507 625 ± 3 2008 2007 2006 Direct imagingb Centaurib Centauri b10.95563302021coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging HD 106906 HD 106906 b† 11±2 650 2013 ADICVSO 30CVSO 30 c† 27000 660 1140 ± 30 2016 2010 Direct imagingUSco CTIO 108USco CTIO 108 b 670 473 ± 6 2007 2007 Direct imagingXEST 17-036KOINTREAU-1b 690 519 ± 10 2025 2005Direct imaging2MASS J23225240-61511142MASS J23225299-615127512.6-13.3705138.42014Direct imagingFU TauriFU Tauri b 19 ± 4 3.2 ± 0.3 719 429 ± 8 2009 2008 2007 Direct imaging2M1006(ABC)2M1006(ABC) b 3–5 730 ± 10 444 2025 2018 Direct imaging (candidate)HIP 78530HIP 78530 b 28 ± 10 12000 740 ± 60 2011 2010 2000/2008 Direct imagingHN PegasiHN Pegasi b 22 ± 9.4 795 ± 15.0 59.14 ± 0.04 2007 2006 2006 Direct imagingSR 12SR 12(AB) c† 11 ± 3 980 370 ± 20 2011 2011 1998/2002 Direct imaging2MASS J05581644–45015592MASS J0558 B 6–12 1043 87.93 ± 0.03 2024 2019 2010 Direct imaging Ross 458 Ross 458(AB) c† 27 ± 4 1.45 ± 0.06 33081 1167.7 0.17 37.53 ± 0.05 2010 2010 ≥2005/2009 Direct imaging BD+60 1417 BD+60 1417b† 13.47±5.67 1.31±0.06 1662 144±13 2021 Direct imaging SE 70S Ori 68 5 1700 ± 300 1290 2006 2001 Direct imaging UPM J1040-3551 Aa/Ab CWISE J104053.42–355029.7 Ba/Bb 11.5-34.6 &9.4-28.3 1700 82.5 2024 2024 Direct imaging2MASS J0249-0557AB2MASS J0249-0557c†19501592018Direct imaging GU Piscium GU Piscium b† 11±2 163000 2000 2014 Direct imagingLOri 167LOri 167B 2000 1300 2007 1999 Direct imagingGSC 00568-01752SDSS J2249+0044AB (for single object) 2264 &17 ± 5 146.7 2010 (motion)/2024 (mass) 2010 2006 Direct imaging WD 0806-661 WD 0806-661 B† 7–9 1.17 ± 0.07 2500 62.73 ± 0.02 2011 2011 2004 Direct imagingUSco1621 AUSco1621 b 16±22880 ±204522019Direct imagingUSco1556 AUSco1556 b 15±23500 ±404612019Direct imaging L 34-26 COCONUTS-2b† ~1100000 6471 35.51±0.01 20212011 Direct imaging TYC 9486-927-1 2MASS J2126–8140 13.3±1.7 ~900000 6684 ? 80.72±13.86 2016 Direct imaging GJ 900CW2335+0142 10.5 12000 68.00 ± 0.03 2024 2024 Direct imagingBD+29 50072MASS J2351+3010 22106 77.12 ± 0.03 2024 2016 2005 Direct imaging
See also Lists of exoplanets List of largest exoplanets List of nearest exoplanets List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates List of potentially habitable exoplanets List of stars with resolved images
Notes
References
External links
https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1624a/ - Retrieved 2016-06-16