Composition by weight % Family Solidus/liquiduspoint (°C) Toxic Comments Cu Zn Ag Au Pd Pt Ti Cr Mo W Mn Fe Co Ni Cd Sn Al B Si P other Al94.75Si5.25 Al 575/630 – BAlSi-1, AL 101 94.75 5.25 Al92.5Si7.5 Al 575/615 – AL 102cu 92.5 7.5 Al90Si10 Al 575/590 – BAlSi-5, AL 103 90 10 Al88Si12 Al 575/585577/582AL 718 Aluminum Brazing Filler Metal – BAlSi-4, AL 104, AL 718, L-ALSi12, BrazeTec L88/12. Free-flowing, most fluid of aluminium filler metals. General purpose filler metal, can be used with brazeable aluminiums in all types of brazing. For joining aluminium and its alloys. Can be used for joining aluminium and titanium to dissimilar metals; the risk of galvanic corrosion then has to be considered. Excellent corrosion resistance when joining aluminiums. Grayish-white color. Usable for both flame and furnace brazing. 88 12 Al86Si10Cu4 Al 520/585 – BAlSi-3, AL 201, AL 716. General purpose filler metal, can be used with brazeable aluminiums in all types of brazing. For joining aluminium and its alloys. Good corrosion resistance. Can be used for joining aluminium and titanium to dissimilar metals; the risk of galvanic corrosion then has to be considered. Tendency to liquation, has to be heated rapidly through the melting range. Grayish-white color. 4 86 10 Al88.75Si9.75Mg1.5 Al 555/590 – AL 301. Suitable for vacuum brazing. 88.75 9.75 Mg1.5 Al88.65Si9.75Mg1.5Bi0.1 Al 555/590 – AL 302. Suitable for vacuum brazing. 88.65 9.75 Mg1.5Bi0.1 Al76Cu4Zn10Si10 Al 516/560AL 719 Aluminum brazing filler metal – AL 719. For joining aluminium and its alloys. Can be used for brazing otherwise unbrazeable aluminiums, e.g. castings. Used with flux. Unsuitable for vacuum brazing due to high zinc content. Worse corrosion resistance due to higher alloying. Tendency to liquation, has to be heated rapidly through the melting range. Grayish-white color. 4 10 76 10 Zn98Al2 382/392AL 802 Aluminum brazing filler metal – AL 802. General purpose filler metal for aluminium soldering/brazing with a torch. Grayish-white color. 98 2 Al73Cu20Si5Ni2Bi0.01Be0.01Sr0.01 Al–Cu–Si 515/535 – For brazing aluminium. Traces of bismuth and beryllium disrupt the surface aluminium oxide. Strontium refines grain structure of the brazing alloy, improving ductility and toughness. 20 2 73 5 Bi,Be,Sr Al61.3Cu22.5Zn9.5Si4.5Ni1.2Bi0.01Be0.01Sr0.01 Al–Cu–Si 495/505 – For brazing aluminium. Traces of bismuth and beryllium disrupt the surface aluminium oxide. Strontium refines grain structure of the brazing alloy, improving ductility and toughness. 22.5 9.5 1.2 61.3 4.5 Bi–Be–Sr Al71Cu20Si7Sn2 Al–Cu–Si 505/525 – For brazing aluminium. 20 2 71 7 Al70Cu20Si7Sn2Mg1 Al–Cu–Si 501/522 – For brazing aluminium. 20 2 70 7 Mg1 Zn85Al15 381/452AL 815 Aluminum Brazing Filler Metal – AL 815. General purpose filler metal for aluminium soldering/brazing with a torch. Grayish-white color. 85 15 Zn78Al22 426/482 – AL 822. High-strength, low-temperature. For aluminium-to-aluminium and aluminium-to-copper. 78 22 Ag72Zn28 710/730 – Ag72Zn. Ammonia-resistant. For joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals (steel, copper, brass...). Good flow properties. With stainless steel in humid environments risk of interfacial corrosion. Copper-free, good where copper presence is not desired and/or in presence of ammonia. (Ammonia in presence of water rapidly attacks copper-containing alloys.) Intended especially for brazing tubes in refrigeration systems using ammonia (R717) as refrigerant. 28 72 Ag85Mn15 960/970 – Ag85Mn, BAg-23, AG 501, Ag 485, Silver Braze 85. Ammonia-resistant. For joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals (steel, stainless steel, copper, bronze, brass...). Very good flow properties. Good for stainless steel in humid or wet environments as there is no risk of interfacial corrosion. Copper-free, zinc-free. Good where copper presence is not desired and/or in presence of ammonia. (Ammonia in presence of water rapidly attacks copper-containing alloys.) Intended especially for brazing tubes in refrigeration systems using ammonia (R717) as refrigerant, or for high-temperature brazing of stainless steels. 85 15 Cu80Ag15P5 Cu–Ag–P 643/802645/700645/800 – BCuP-5, CP 102, CP1, Sil-Fos, Silvaloy 15, Matti-phos 15, SILVERPHOS 15. Ductile, slow-flowing. Gap-filling. Can resist torsional stresses, shock loads, and flexing. For copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze. Primarily for copper-to-copper. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. Low vibration resistance. Light copper color. Used in plumbing. Frequently used for resistance brazing. Used where ductility is important and low tolerances are not achievable. Ductile copper-copper joints. Used on electrical assemblies, e.g. motors or contacts. Used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, and brass and copper pipe fitting. More fluid than BCuP-3 due to higher phosphorus content. Mutually soluble with copper and copper alloys. Strong tendency to liquate. Available also in strip and sheet form. Recommended joint clearance 0.051–0.127 mm (0.002-0.005"). Flow point 705 °C. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 80 15 5 Cu75.75Ag18P6.25 Cu–Ag–P 643/668Silvaloy 18M Brazing Alloy – Silvaloy 18M, SILVERPHOS 18. Close to eutectic, narrow melting range, suitable for low heating rates, e.g. in furnace brazing. Very fluid, for tight-fitting joints. For copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. Due to low melting point suitable for joining copper to brass, as dezincification of brass is less pronounced. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 204 °C (intermittently 260 °C). 75.75 18 6.25 Cu45.75Ag18Zn36Si0.25 Ag–Cu–Zn 784/816Matti-sil 18Si Cadmium Free Brazing Alloy – Matti-sil 18Si. Cheaper alternative of high-silver alloys. Suitable for automotive industry for brazing steel components where higher-temperature bronze alloys can not be used. Gap 0.075–0.2 mm. 45.75 36 18 0.25 Cu75.9Ag17.6P6.5 Cu–Ag–P 643SIL-FOS 18 Silver/ Copper/ Phosphorus Alloy – Sil-Fos 18. Eutectic. For copper, brass and bronze alloys. Self-fluxing on copper. Extremely fluid. Good fitup required. Gap 0.025–0.075 mm. Gray color. 75.9 17.6 6.5 Cu89Ag5P6 Cu–Ag–P 643/813645/825645/815 – BCuP-3, CP 104, CP4, Sil-Fos 5, Silvaloy 5, Matti-phos 5, SILVERPHOS 5. Slow-flowing, very fluid. Less expensive than BCuP-5. Can fill gaps and form fillets. Strong tendency to liquate. For copper tube brazing, used in plumbing. Used for fluxless brazing in refrigeration, air conditioning, medical gas pipework, and heat exchangers. Gap 0.051–0.127 mm. Flow point 720 °C. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 89 5 6 Cu88Ag6P6 Cu–Ag–P 643/807Silvaloy 6 Brazing Alloy – Silvaloy 6. Flow point 720 °C. For copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze. Primarily for copper-to-copper. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. Low vibration resistance. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 88 6 6 Cu86.75Ag6P7.25 Cu–Ag–P 645/720645/750Matti-phos 6 Alloy for Fluxless Brazing of Copper641/718SIL-FOS 6 Silver/ Copper/ Phosphorus Alloy – BCuP-4, Sil-Fos 6, Matti-phos 6, SILVERPHOS 6HP. Very fluid, fast flow, for narrow joints. Low melting range. Flow point 690 °C. Lowest melting point from the low-silver alloys. Low cost. Used for fluxless brazing in refrigeration, air conditioning, medical gas pipework, and heat exchangers. Tends to liquate. Extremely fluid above flow point, readily penetrates narrow gaps. Gap 0.025–0.076 mm (0.05–0.2 mm). Less ductile than BCuP-1 or BCuP-5. 86.75 6 7.25 Cu90.5Ag2P7 Cu–Ag–P 705/800 – CP 202, CP3. Gap-filling. Used in plumbing. 90.5 2 7 Cu91Ag2P7 Cu–Ag–P 643/802645/875Matti-phos 2 Alloy for Fluxless Brazing of Copper643/788Silvaloy 2 Brazing Alloy641/780SIL-FOS 2 Silver/ Copper/ Phosphorus Alloy – BCuP-6, CP 105, Sil-Fos 2, Silvaloy 2, Matti-phos 2, SILVERPHOS 2. Medium flow. Flow point 704–720 °C. Very fluid, can penetrate narrow gaps. Gaps 0.025–0.127 mm (0.05–0.2 mm). Comparable to Fos-Flo 7. For copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze. Primarily for copper-to-copper. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. Low vibration resistance. Tends to liquate. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 91 2 7 Cu91.5Ag2P6.5 Cu–Ag–P 643/796Silvaloy 2M Brazing Alloy – Silvaloy 2M. Medium flow. Flow point 718 °C. Very fluid, can penetrate narrow gaps. For copper, copper alloys, brass, bronze. Primarily for copper-to-copper. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. Low vibration resistance. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 91.5 2 6.5 Cu91.7Ag1.5P6.8 Cu–Ag–P 643/799Silvalite Brazing Alloy – Silvalite. For copper, brass and bronze. Self-fluxing on copper. Also usable on silver, tungsten, and molybdenum. Primarily for copper-to-copper joining. Low resistance to vibrations. Good for tight-fitting copper pipes and tubing. Extremely fluid, will penetrate even thin joints. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). Flow point 732 °C. Optimal brazing temperature slightly above flow point. Sluggish at low temperatures, suitable for gap-filling. Very fluid at high temperatures, suitable for deep penetration to tight-fitting joints. 91.7 1.5 6.8 Cu92.85Ag1P6Sn0.15 Cu–Ag–P 643/821Silvabraze 33830 Brazing Alloy – Silvabraze 33830. For copper, brass and bronze. Self-fluxing on copper. Also usable on silver, tungsten, and molybdenum. Primarily for copper-to-copper joining. Low resistance to vibrations. Good for tight-fitting copper pipes and tubing. Extremely fluid, will penetrate even thin joints. Light copper color. Maximum service temperature 149 °C (intermittently 204 °C). 92.85 1 0.15 6 Cu93.5P6.5 Cu–P 645/740 – CP 105, CP2. Gap-filling. Used in plumbing. 93.5 6.5 Cu92.8P7.2 Cu–P 710/793Silvaloy 0 Brazing Alloy710/795 – BCuP-2, Fos-Flo 7, Silvaloy 0, Copper-flo, PHOSCOPPER 0. Fast flow, very fluid. Can withstand moderate vibration, not very ductile. For copper, brass and bronze. Primarily for copper-to-copper. Can be used also on silver, tungsten and molybdenum. For joining tight fittings and tubing, will penetrate narrow gaps. Unsuitable for larger gaps, should be used only where good fitup can be maintained. For heat exchanger return bends, hot water cylinders, refrigeration pipes. Flow point 730 °C. Gap 0.051–0.127 mm (0.075–0.2 mm, 0.025–0.076). Tends to liquate. Maximum service temperature 149 °C, intermittently 204 °C. Steel gray color. 92.8 7.2 Cu93.85P6.15 Cu–P 710/854 – Fos-Flo 6. Ductile, moderate flow. Economical. Wide melting range. Use where joint tolerances are larger and ductility is important. Flow point 746 °C. Gap 0.076–0.127 mm. 93.85 6.15 Cu97Ni3B0.02–0.05 Cu 1085/1100 – CU 105. Fluid. Capable of bridging larger gaps than pure copper (up to 0.7 mm in extreme cases). 97 3 0.05 Cu99Ag1 Cu 1070/1080 – CU 106. Slightly lower melting point than pure copper. More expensive due to silver content. Rarely used now. Can be used after CU 105 in step brazing. 99 1 Cu95Sn4.7P0.3 Cu–Sn 953/1048 – CDA 510. Bronze. For steels where lower temperature than with pure copper is required. 95 4.7 0.3 Cu93.5Sn6.3P0.2 Cu–Sn 910/1040 – CU 201. Bronze. Requires fast heating to avoid problems with wide melting range. 93.5 6.3 0.2 Cu92Sn7.7P0.3 Cu–Sn 881/1026 – CDA 521. Bronze. For steels where lower temperature than with pure copper is required. 92 7.7 0.3 Cu87.8Sn12P0.2 Cu–Sn 825/990 – CU 202. Bronze. Requires fast heating to avoid problems with wide melting range. 87.8 12 0.2 Cu86.5Sn7P6.5 Cu–Sn 649/700Silvacap 35490 Brazing Alloy – Silvacap 35490. Bronze. Self-fluxing on copper. Generally provides joints stronger than the base metals. Used for joining copper assemblies with low tolerances. Maximum service temperature 204 °C, intermittently 316 °C. 86.5 7 6.5 Cu86.8Sn7P6.2 Cu–Sn 657/688FOS FLO 670 Copper Phosphorus Tin Braze Filler Metal – Fos-Flo 670. Low-cost. Use