Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.

Main table ST refers to the Sino-Tibetan language family. HM refers to the Hmong–Mien language family.

Population Language n C D F KMost likely K2a(xNO), L, M, N, Q, R, S and/or T N O1a O1b O2 P Q Others Source Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 40 5.0 0 2.5 ≥10.0 82.5 0 Shi 2005Yang 2005 Aeta (Philippines) Austronesian 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 NO=12; S=60 Karafet 2015Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106 Aini (Xishuangbanna) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 52 11.5 0 3.8 40.4 0 K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P)=34.6; F(xK)=1.9; O2a=7.7 Wen 2004 Ainu Ainu 16 12.5 87.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tajima 2004 Andamanese Andamanese 37 0 73.0 5.4 0 0 2.7 5.4 10.8 0 Thangaraj 2002Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Balinese (Indonesia) Austronesian 551 1.8 0 1.1 0 18.1 58.8 6.9 0.4 H=3.4 Karafet 2005 Borneo (Indonesia) Austronesian 86 22.1 0 2.3 0 0 9.3 20.9 36.0 0 0 H=1.2; R=2.3; S=5.8 Karafet 2010Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063 Chin (Chin State) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 19 42.1 52.6 Peng 2014Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272 South China ST, HM 384 9.6 2.1 0.5 4.4 6.8 17.4 57.8 0.3 Karafet 2005 Daur Altaic (Mongolic) 39 30.8 0 0 ≥7.7 ≥5.1 20.5 25.6 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.6O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 Xue 2006 Deng (Zayü County) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 109 1.1 2.2 1.1 94.4 Kang 2012 East Asia East Asian languages 988 19.9 4.8 1.9 6.4 5.4 16.3 33.7 R1a=2.8 Xue 2006Yali Xue et al 2006, Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times Filipino Austronesian 50 0 0 10 0 46 38 Tajima 2004 Filipino Austronesian 115 5 20 28 3 39 S=2 Scheinfeldt 2006Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641 Garo ST (Tibeto-Burman) 71 8.5 0 ≥11.3 59.2 7.0 H1a=1.4; F(xH,J2,K)=4.2O(xO2a,O3)=4.2K(xL,O,P)=4.2 Reddy 2007B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia Han (China) ST (Sinitic) 166 6.0 0.6 1.2 9.0 9.6 16.3 55.4 0.6 Karafet 2005 Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) ST (Sinitic) 34 11.8 0 0 2.9 14.7 17.6 52.9 0 Xue 2006 Han (Meixian, Guangdong) ST (Sinitic) 35 8.6 0 2.9 2.9 20.0 14.3 51.4 0 Xue 2006 Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) ST (Sinitic) 35 14.3 0 0 5.7 2.9 8.6 65.7 0 J=2.9 Xue 2006 Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) ST (Sinitic) 30 20.0 6.7 0 6.7 6.7 3.3 36.7 0 J=10.0R1a1=6.7O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 Xue 2006 Han (Xi'an) ST (Sinitic) 34 23.53 8.82 5.88 8.82 8.82 38.24 2.94 R=2.94 Kim 2011Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea Han (Yili, Xinjiang) ST (Sinitic) 32 6.3 3.1 9.4 0 9.4 12.5 46.9 R1a1=6.3P(xR1a1)=3.1Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 Xue 2006 Han (Taiwan) ST (Sinitic) 183 6.3 0.3 22.4 8.5 58.2 1.1 Tsai 2001 Hani (China) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 34 17.6 0 0 11.8 0 50.0 17.6 0 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 Xue 2006 Hezhe (China) Altaic (Tungusic) 45 28.9 0 0 17.8 0 6.7 44.4 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.2 Xue 2006 Hmong–Mien (China) Hmong–Mien 169 8.9 3.6 0 1.2 3.6 22.5 61.5 0 Karafet 2005 Hui (Ningxia, China) Sino-Tibetan 54 1.9 R1b=3.7; R1a=11.1;J=9.3; L=1.9 Karafet 2001 Northeast India Tibeto-Burman 173 0.6 1.2 1.7 0 86.7 0 H=2.9 Cordaux 2004 East Indonesia Austronesian, Papuan 344 61.9 0 10.5 2.6 7.3 S=11; M=4 Mona 2009 Japan Japanese 259 8.5 34.8 0 0 1.6 0 31.6 20.1 0 0.4 NO=2.3; I=0.4; R=0.4 Hammer 2005 Japan Japanese 263 5.3 39.2 0 0.8 3.4 34.2 16.7 0.4 0 Nonaka 2007 Japan Japanese 2390 C1=4.7C2=6.1 32.2 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 33.1 19.7 0 0 0 Sato 2014 Japan (Kyushu) Japanese 53 7.5 25.7 0 0 3.8 0 35.8 26.4 0 0 0 Hammer 2005 Japan (Tokushima) Japanese 70 12.8 25.7 0 0 7.1 0 32.9 21.4 0 0 0 Hammer 2005 Japan (Tokyo) Japanese 56 36.0 3.2 18.0 Poznik et al. (2016) Japan (Kantō) Japanese 137 3.6 48.2 0 0 0 2.2 30.7 14.5 Nonaka 2007 Western Japan Japanese 97 7.2 26.8 4.1 37.1 23.9 0 Nonaka 2007 Java Austronesian 53 1.9 0 1.9 0 22.6 41.5 22.6 R1=3.8 Kayser 2002Manfred Kayser et al 2002-2003, Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea Khalkh Altaic (Mongolic) 85 56.5 3.5 2.4F(xJ,K): may include G, H or I. 0 0 18.8 J=2.4; N1c=4.7P(xR1a1)=4.7R1a1=3.5K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 Katoh 2004Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis Korea Korean 317 9.1 0 4.1 30.3 44.5 0.6 Shin 2001Dong-Jik Shin et al 2001, Y-Chromosome multiplexes and their potential for the DNA profiling of Koreans Korea Korean 110 15.5 0 5.5 2.7 28.2 45.5 K(xNO)=1.8 Kim 2007Wook Kim 2007, Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population Koreans (China) Korean 25 12.0 0 4.0 4.0 0 32.0 40.0 0 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 Xue 2006 Koreans (Korea) Korean 43 16.3 2.3 2.3 0 30.2 39.5 P(xR1a1)=2.3J=2.3 Xue 2006 Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) Korean 110 13.6 0.9 1.8 0.9 28.2 50.9 2.7 L=0.9 Kim 2011 Koreans (Gangwon) Korean 63 12.7 6.4 1.6 39.7 38.1 1.6 Kim 2011Koreans (Chungcheong) Korean 72 11.1 1.4 4.2 1.4 30.6 50 1.4 Kim 2011Koreans (Jeolla) Korean 90 13.3 3.3 4.4 1.1 33.3 43.3 L=1.1 Kim 2011Koreans (Gyeongsang) Korean 84 16.7 2.4 4.8 2.4 33.3 36.9 1.2 L=1.2R=1.2 Kim 2011Koreans (Jeju) Korean 87 8.1 1.2 6.9 5.8 32.2 43.7 1.2 R=1.2 Kim 2011 South Korea Korean 506 12.6 1.6 0 4.5 1.8 32.4 44.3 1.4 L=0.6; R=0.4 Kim 2011 South Korea Korean 706 12.9 2.5 0 3.8 3.1 33.4 42.1 1.8 R=0.1; J1=0.1 Park 2012Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9 Lhoba (Mainling County) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 61 0 20.8 0 34.6 33.8 0.8 J=0.8; R=7.7O(xO3)=1.5 Kang 2012Kang Longli, Lu Y, Wang C, Hu K, Chen F, Liu K, Li S, Jin L, Li H; Genographic Consortium (2012). Y-chromosome O3 haplogroup diversity in Sino-Tibetan populations reveals two migration routes into the eastern Himalayas. Annals of Human Genetics (2012) 76,92–99. Island South East Asia Austronesian 312 15.7 24.4 23.7 14.1 18.6 M1=5.4 Capelli 2001Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania Island South East Asia Austronesian, Papuan 272 9.9 8.8 20.2 18.7 22.1 S=4; M=3 Kayser 2006Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the PacificMalaysia Austronesian 50 6 6 8 0 8 32 30 M=2 Scheinfeldt 2006 Manchu Sinitic, Tungusic 101 16.8 2.0 3.0 33.7 42.6 O*(xO1,O2b,O3)=1.0; P*(xR1a)=1.0 Katoh 2004 Manchu Sinitic, Tungusic 35 25.7 2.9 2.9 14.3 2.9 14.3 37.1 0 Xue 2006 Mongolia Mongolic 149 8.1G=0.7; J=2.7 Hammer 2005Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006. Mongolia Mongolic 65 53.0 1.5 1.5 10.6 0 1.5 10.6 4.5 R1=9.1 Xue 2006 Inner Mongolia Mongolic, Sinitic 45 46.7 0 4.4 13.3 0 2.2 28.9 0 Xue 2006 Naga (Myanmar) Tibeto-Burman 15 100 Peng 2014 Negritos (Philippines) Austronesian 64 10.8 50.8 13.8 4.6 O(xM122)=18.5Others=1.5 Heyer 2013Heyer E, Georges M, Pachner M, Endicott P. Genetic diversity of four Filipino negrito populations from Luzon: comparison of male and female effective population sizes and differential integration of immigrants into Aeta and Agta communities. Hum Biol. 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):189-208. doi:10.3378/027.085.0310. PMID 24297226. Oroqen Tungusic 31 61.3 0 3.2 6.5 6.5 19.4 0 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 Xue 2006 Qiang ST (Tibeto-Burman) 33 0 18.2 0 0 15.2 15.2 36.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1P(xR1a1)=6.1 Xue 2006 Sibe Tungusic 41 26.8 2.4 4.9 17.1 7.3 2.4 26.8 J=7.3P(xR1a1)=2.4BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 Xue 2006 Sulawesi Austronesian 54 22.2 0 5.6 7.4 0 21.4 13.0 16.7 0 0 R=3.7; M=3.7; S=5.6 Karafet 2010 Sumatra Austronesian 57 5.3 1.8 0.2 3.5 0 17.5 14 29.8 S=3 Kayser 2006 Taiwanese aborigines Austronesian 246 0.4 0 0 0 66.3 10.6 11.0 Capelli 2001 Thai Kra–Dai 34 2.9 2.9 0 0 8.8 35.3 O(xO1,O3)=44.1 Tajima 2004 Tibet ST (Tibeto-Burman) 156 2.6 51.6 0 4.5 0 0 33.9 3.2 H=1.9; R1a=1.9 Gayden 2007Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 46 8.7 41.3 4.3 0 0 0 2.2 39.1 4.3 Wen 2004 Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 50 4.0 36.0 12.0 0 4.0 44.0 0 Wen 2004Bo Wen, Hong Shi, Ling Ren et al., "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation," Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences 2004 Vol.47 No.1 1-10 Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 92 14.1 22.8 14.1 21.7 1.1 19.6 6.5 Wen 2004 Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 39 2.6 48.7 5.1F(xJ,K); may include G, H, or I. 7.7 0 10.3 J=5.1; R1a1=2.6P(xR1a1)=2.6 Zhou 2008Ruixia Zhou 2008, Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape Tibetans ST (Tibeto-Burman) 35 0 42.9 0 8.6 0 0 40.0 0 R1a1=8.6 Xue 2006 Tibeto-Burman ST (Tibeto-Burman) 964 8.4 18.5 5.4 17.7 3.1 6.3 38.7 Wen 2004 Tujia (Hunan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 155 15.5 1.3 12.9 9.7 3.9 53.5 1.9 Wen 2004 UyghurAltaic (Turkic) 70 7.1 1.4 7.1 8.6 1.4 0 11.4 Others=63 Xue 2006 Vietnamese Austroasiatic (Vietic) 46 2.2 2.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 32.6 47.8 NO=2.2 Choi 2017 Yao (Bama, Guangxi) Hmong–Mien 35 17.1 2.9 0 2.9 40.0 34.3 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.9 Xue 2006 Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) Hmong–Mien 35 2.9 0 0 0 5.7 8.6 82.9 0 Xue 2006 Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 125 5.6 0.8 18 28.0 0.8 7.2 28.8 Wen 2004 Zakhchin Altaic (Mongolic) 60 46.7 3.3 1.7F(xJ,K): may include G, H, I. N1c=3.3 0 O2b=3.3 8.3 R1a1=13.3O(xO1a,O2b,O3)=8.3; J=1.7P(xR1a1)=5.0K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 Katoh 2004 Zhuang (Yongbei) Kra–Dai 23 8.7 4.35 4.35 17.39 30.44 17.4 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704 Chen 2006Chen, Jing, et al. (2006). "Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations." Acta Genetica Sinica, December 2006, 33 (12): 1060-1072 Zhuang (Youjiang) Kra–Dai 5 40 20 20 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20 Chen 2006 Zhuang (Tianlin) Kra–Dai 22 4.55 72.73 9.1 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64 Chen 2006 Bouyei (Guibian) Kra–Dai 4 25 25 25 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25 Chen 2006 Zhuang (Hongshuihe) Kra–Dai 39 2.56 5.13 5.13 10.26 12.82 41.02 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08 Chen 2006 Zhuang (Guibei) Kra–Dai 21 4.76 4.76 4.76 4.76 9.52 28.58 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1 Chen 2006 Zhuang (Yongnan) Kra–Dai 19 5.26 10.53 21.06 42.1 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79 Chen 2006 Tay (Zuojiang) Kra–Dai 15 6.67 40 20 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33 Chen 2006 Zhuang (Shangsi) Kra–Dai 15 20 66.67 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33 Chen 2006 Nung (Dejing) Kra–Dai 3 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100 Chen 2006

Austronesian and Kra–Dai