This list gives an overview of the classification of minerals (silicates) and includes mostly International Mineralogical Association (IMA) recognized minerals and its groupings. This list complements the List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association series of articles and List of minerals. Rocks, ores, mineral mixtures, non-IMA approved minerals and non-named minerals are mostly excluded.
Classification of minerals
Introduction
The grouping of the New Dana Classification and of the mindat.org is similar only, and so this classification is an overview only. Consistency is missing too on the group name endings (group, subgroup, series) between New Dana Classification and mindat.org. Category, class and supergroup name endings are used as layout tools in the list as well.
Abbreviations "*" – mineral not IMA-approved. "Q" – doubtful/questionable. Rn – renaming. Rd – redefinition. "REE" – rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). "PGE" – platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt). "s.p." – special procedure.
Category '9': silicate minerals
Unclassified silicates
Subclass '9.A': nesosilicates
Zircon group: (a group of simple tetragonal silicates where M = tetravalent Zr, Th, or Hf) Hafnon , Stetindite , Thorite , Zircon , Coffinite , Thorogummite , IMA2008-035 Olivine group Calcio-Olivine , Fayalite , Forsterite , Laihunite , Liebenbergite , Olivine , Tephroite Phenakite group Phenakite , Willemite , Eucryptite
Sillimanite subgroup Sillimanite , Mullite (x=0.17 to 0.59), Boromullite Andalusite subgroup Andalusite , Kanonaite , Yoderite Kyanite Titanite group Titanite , Malayaite , Vanadomalayaite Cerite group Cerite-(Ce) , Cerite-(La) , Aluminocerite-(Ce) Silicate apatites Ellestadite* , Britholite-(Ce) , Britholite-(Y) , Ellestadite-(F) , Ellestadite-(OH) , Ellestadite-(Cl) , Mattheddleite , Karnasurtite-(Ce) (?), Fluorbritholite-(Ce) , Fluorcalciobritholite Uranophane group Kasolite , Uranophane , Sklodowskite , Cuprosklodowskite , Boltwoodite , Natroboltwoodite , Oursinite , Swamboite , Uranophane-beta Datolite group Datolite series Datolite , Hingganite-(Ce) , Hingganite-(Y) , Hingganite-(Yb) , Calcybeborosilite-(Y) Homilite series Bakerite , Gadolinite-(Ce) , Gadolinite-(Y) , Calciogadolinite? , Homilite , Minasgeraisite-(Y) Hellandite group Hellandite-(Y) Tadzhikite-(Y) Tadzhikite-(Ce) Hellandite-(Ce) Mottanaite-(Ce) Ciprianiite Piergorite-(Ce) Vicanite group Vicanite-(Ce) Hundholmenite-(Y) Proshchenkoite-(Y)
"Garnet" supergroup Nesosilicate insular groups only with cations in and > coordination Garnet group, (X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, etc.) Pyralspite series Pyrope , Almandine , Spessartine , Knorringite , Majorite , Calderite Ugrandite series Andradite , Grossular , Uvarovite , Goldmanite , Yamatoite? Schorlomite – Kimzeyite series Schorlomite , Kimzeyite , Morimotoite Hydrogarnet Hibschite (x=0.2 to 1.5), Katoite (x=1.5 to 3) Tetragonal hydrogarnet Henritermierite , Holtstamite Bredigite , Merwinite , Wadalite , Rondorfite
"Humite" supergroup Nesosilicate insular groups and O, OH, F, and with cations in coordination only Topaz group Topaz , Krieselite Humite, general formula Chondrodite series Alleghanyite , Chondrodite , Reinhardbraunsite , Ribbeite , Kumtyubeite Humite series Humite , Leucophoenicite , Manganhumite , Chegemite Clinohumite series Clinohumite , Jerrygibbsite , Sonolite , Hydroxylclinohumite Norbergite Chloritoid group Chloritoid , Magnesiochloritoid , Ottrelite , Carboirite-VIII
Subclass '9.B': sorosilicates
Epidote supergroup, Epidote group Clinozoisite , Niigataite , Epidote , Hancockite , Mukhinite , Piemontite , Piemontite-(Sr) , Tweddillite Allanite group Allanite-(Ce) , Allanite-(La) , Allanite-(Y) , Dissakisite-(Ce) , Dissakisite-(La) , Ferriallanite-(Ce) , Manganiandrosite-(Ce) , Manganiandrosite-(La) , Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) Dollaseite group Dollaseite-(Ce) , Khristovite-(Ce) , Mills et al. (2009)
Subclass '9.C': cyclosilicates
Tourmaline group Alkali-Deficient Tourmaline subgroup - Foitite subgroup Foitite ☐[(Fe2+)2(Al,Fe3+)][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Magnesiofoitite ☐[Mg2(Al,Fe3+)][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Rossmanite ☐[LiAl2][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Oxy-Rossmanite ☐[LiAl2]Al6(OH)3O(BO3)3[Si6O18] Calcic Tourmaline subgroup - Liddicoatite subgroup Liddicoatite [Ca][Li2Al][Al6][(OH)3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Uvite CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4, Feruvite [Ca][(Fe2+,Mg)3][MgAl5][(OH)3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Hydroxyuvite (IMA2000-030 was not approved, but suspended) CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Ferric Tourmaline subgroup - Buergerite subgroup Buergerite [Na][(Fe3+)3][Al6][O3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Povondraite [Na][(Fe3+)3][(Fe3+)4Mg2][(OH)3|O|(BO3)3|Si6O18] Lithian Tourmaline subgroup - Elbaite subgroup Olenite NaAl9B3Si6O27O3OH, Oxy-Dravite Na(MgAl2)(MgAl5)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, Elbaite Na(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(OH)3(OH)(BO3)3Si6O18 Sodic Tourmaline subgroup - Schorl subgroup Dravite [Na][Mg3][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Fluor-Dravite NaMg3Al6(OH)3F(BO3)3(Si6O18), Schorl [Na][(Fe2+)3][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Schorl-(F) [Na][(Fe2+)3][Al6][(OH)3|F,OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Chromdravite [Na][Mg3][(Cr3+,Fe3+)6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Vanadiumdravite [Na][Mg3][(V3+)6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18] Eudialyte group Carbokentbrooksite (Na,☐)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O Eudialyte Na4(Ca,Ce)2(Fe2+,Mn,Y)ZrSi8O22(OH,Cl)2 (?) Feklichevite Na11Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3Nb[Si25O73](OH,H2O,Cl,O)5 Ferrokentbrooksite Na15Ca6(Fe,Mn)3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,F,OH)2 Georgbarsanovite Na12(Mn,Sr,REE)3Ca6(Fe2+)3Zr3NbSi25O76Cl2•H2O Golyshevite (Na,Ca)10Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3NbSi25O72(CO3)(OH)3•H2O Ikranite (Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6(Fe3+)2Zr3(☐,Zr)(☐,Si)Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl•2-3H2O Johnsenite-(Ce) Na12(Ce,REE,Sr)3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(CO3)(OH,Cl)2 Kentbrooksite (Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn2+Zr3NbSi25O74F2•2H2O Khomyakovite Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Manganokhomyakovite Na12Sr3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Mogovidite Na9(Ca,Na)6Ca6Fe2Zr3☐Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4 Oneillite Na15Ca3Mn3(Fe2+)3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Raslakite Na15Ca3Fe3(Na,Zr)3Zr3(Si,Nb)(Si25O73)(OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH) Rastsvetaevite Na27K8Ca12Fe3Zr6Si52O144(O,OH,H2O)6Cl2 Taseqite Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2 Zirsilite-(Ce) (Na,☐)12(Ce, Na)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O Alluaivite Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti,Nb)3(Si3O9)2(Si10O28)2Cl•2H2O Andrianovite Na12(K,Sr,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,H2O,OH)5 Aqualite (H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr3Si26O66(OH)9Cl Dualite Na30(Ca,Na,Ce,Sr)12(Na,Mn,Fe,Ti)6Zr3Ti3MnSi51O144(OH,H2O,Cl)9 Labyrinthite (Na,K,Sr)35Ca12Fe3Zr6TiSi51O144(O,OH,H2O)9Cl3, Mills et al. (2009)
Subclass '9.D': inosilicates
Single chain inosilicates Astrophyllite group Astrophyllite K2Na(Fe2+,Mn)7Ti2Si8O26(OH)4 Magnesioastrophyllite K2Na[Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn)Mg2]Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F Hydroastrophyllite (H3O,K)2Ca(Fe3+,Mn)5-6Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F Niobophyllite K2Na(Fe2+,Mn)7(Nb,Ti)2Si8O26(OH)4(F,O) Zircophyllite K2(Na,Ca)(Mn,Fe2+)7(Zr,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Kupletskite K2Na(Mn,Fe2+)7(Ti,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Kupletskite-(Cs) (Cs,K)2Na(Mn,Fe2+,Li)7(Ti,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Niobokupletskite K2Na(Mn,Zn,Fe)7(Nb,Zr,Ti)2Si8O26(OH)4(O,F), Mills et al. (2009) Sapphirine supergroup Sapphirine group Khmaralite (Mg,Al,Fe)16(Al,Si,Be)12O40, Sapphirine (Mg,Al)8(Al,Si)6O20 Aenigmatite group Aenigmatite (Na,Ca)4(Fe2+,Ti,Mg)12Si12O40, Krinovite NaMg2CrSi3O10, Wilkinsonite Na2(Fe2+)4(Fe3+)2Si6O20 Rhoenite group Dorrite Ca2Mg2(Fe3+)4(Al,Fe3+)4Si2O20, Hogtuvaite (Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti,Mg,Mn)6(Si,Be,Al)6O20, Makarochkinite Ca2(Fe2+)4Fe3+TiSi4BeAlO20, Rhonite , Serendibite Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20, Welshite Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] Surinamite (Mg,Fe2+)3Al4BeSi3O16, Mills et al. (2009)
Pyroxene supergroup
Orthopyroxene group Donpeacorite (Mn2+,Mg)Mg[SiO3]2, Enstatite MgSiO3, Ferrosilite, FeSiO3 Clinopyroxene group Aegirine NaFe3+Si2O6, Augite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6], Clinoenstatite MgSiO3, Clinoferrosilite Fe2+SiO3, Diopside CaMg[Si2O6], Esseneite CaFe3+[AlSiO6], Grossmanite CaTi3+AlSiO6, Hedenbergite CaFe2+[Si2O6], Jadeite Na(Al,Fe3+)[Si2O6], Jervisite (Na,Ca,Fe2+)(Sc,Mg,Fe2+)[Si2O6], Johannsenite CaMn2+[Si2O6], Kanoite Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)[Si2O6], Kosmochlor NaCr[Si2O6], Kushiroite CaAl[Si2O6], Namansilite NaMn3+[Si2O6], Natalyite Na(V3+,Cr)[Si2O6], Petedunnite Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)[Si2O6], Pigeonite (Mg,Fe2+,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6, Spodumene LiAlSi2O6
Multiple chain inosilicates Note: the amphibole subcommittee (CNMNC/ IMA) published many reports (IMA 1978 s.p., IMA 1997 s.p., IMA 2003 s.p., IMA 2012 s.p.), renaming and redefining many minerals. Working draft: rruff.info, mindat.org and mineralienatlas.de are not up to date yet.
Amphibole supergroup
w(OH, F, Cl)-dominant amphibole: calcic subgroup Cannilloite root name: fluoro-cannilloite CaCa2Mg4Al(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2 (1993-033, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from cannilloite) Edenite root name: edenite Na[Ca2][Mg5][(OH)2|AlSi7O22] (1839, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd), ferro-edenite [Na][Ca2][(Fe2+)5][(OH)2|AlSi7O22] (1946, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd), fluoro-edenite Na[Ca2][Mg5][(F,OH)2|AlSi7O22] (IMA 1994-059, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd) Hastingsite root name: hastingsite [Na][Ca2][(Fe2+)4Fe3+][(OH)2|Al2Si6O22] (1896, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd), magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite (Na,K)Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Ti)5(Si,Al)8O22F2 (IMA 2005-002, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from fluoro-magnesiohastingsite), magnesio-hastingsite Na[Ca2][Mg4Fe3+][(OH)2|Al2Si6O22] (1928, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from magnesiohastingsite), potassic-fluoro-hastingsite KCa2((Fe2+)2,Mg2,Fe3+)S5(Si6Al2)8O22F2 (IMA 2005-006, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from fluoro-potassichastingsite), potassic-chloro-hastingsite KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2 (IMA 2005-007, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from chloro-potassicpargasite, syn. dashkesanite), potassic-magnesio-hastingsite (K,Na)Ca2(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH,Cl)2 (IMA 2004-027b, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from potassic-magnesiohastingsite) Joesmithite PbCa2(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)5Si6Be2O22(OH)2 (1968, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd) Magnesio-hornblende root name: ferro-hornblende [Ca2][(Fe2+)4Al][(OH)2|AlSi7O22] (1930, IMA 1978 s.p., IMA 1997 s.p. Rn from ferro-hornblende, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from ferrohornblende), magnesio-hornblende [Ca2][Mg4Al][(OH)2|AlSi7O22] (1965, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from magnesiohornblende) Pargasite root name: chromio-pargasite (IMA 2011-023, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from ehimeite), ferro-pargasite [Na][Ca2][(Fe2+)4Al][(OH)2|Al2Si6O22] (1961, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from ferropargasite), fluoro-pargasite NaCa2(Mg3Fe2+Al)5(Si6Al2O22)F2 (IMA 2003-050, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from fluoropargasite), pargasite [Na][Ca2][Mg4Al][(OH)2|Al2Si6O22] (1815, IMA 1997 s.p. Rd, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd), potassic-chloro-pargasite KCa2((Fe2+)3MgFe3+)(Si6Al2)S8O22Cl2 (IMA 2001-036, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from chloro-potassichastingsite), potassic-ferro-pargasite KCa2((Fe2+)4Al)Si6Al2O22(OH)2 (IMA 2007-053, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from potassic-ferropargasite), potassic-fluoro-pargasite (IMA 2009-091, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from fluoro-potassic-pargasite), potassic-pargasite [K][Ca2][Mg4Al][(OH)2|Al2Si6O22] (IMA 1994-046, IMA 2012 s.p. Rd Rn from potassicpargasite)