Front of Patriotic and National Parties

The Front of Patriotic and National Parties – FPNP (Arabic: جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | Jabhat al-Ahzab al-Wataniyya wal-Qawmiyya) was a Syrian-backed coalition of Lebanese Political parties and militias formed in the late 1970s.

Origins It was formed in late March 1976 at West Beirut by breakaway sections of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), which included the pro-Syrian factions of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Lebanon; As well as the Shia Amal Movement led by Musa al-Sadr, the Union of Working People's Forces (UWPF)Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre (1988), p. 139.Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (1989), pp. 82–83. led by Kamal Chatila, and the Kurdish Razkari Party. The FPNP supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon.Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre (1988), p. 139.Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (1989), pp. 82–83.

Decline and demise The alliance lasted until mid-1982, when it collapsed together with their LNM rival in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

See also Lebanese Civil War Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Salvation Front Jammoul List of extrajudicial killings and political violence in Lebanon

Notes

References

Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. – Itamar Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). , 0-8014-9313-7 – Lucien Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre, VegaPress, 1988. (in French) – Naomi Joy Weinberger, Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986. , 0195040104 Tom Najem and Roy C. Amore, Historical Dictionary of Lebanon, Second Edition, Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Boulder, New York & London 2021. , 1538120437

External links Chamussy (René) – Chronique d'une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978 (in French)