Jean-Claude Fourneau (28 March 1907 – 9 October 1981) was a French painter, who was close to the surrealist movement.
He played the role of Bishop Cauchon in Robert Bresson's film The Trial of Joan of Arc (1962).
Biography His mother was a descendant of , restorer of the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris; of Juliette Adam, founder of a French paper, La Nouvelle Revue, and muse of Léon Gambetta and the spiritual mother of Pierre Loti. She was the daughter of Paul Segond, pioneer in the field of surgical gynaecology.
His father, Ernest Fourneau, was the founder of French medicinal chemistry.
Jean-Claude Fourneau was a painter influenced by both classicism and surrealism.André Breton, "Flair - Chronologie du surréalisme 1916 – 1953", vignette 120 ; "Letters to Marcel Duchamp", vignette 10 . He was first noticed by André Salmon at Fourneau's show at the Jeanne Castel Gallery in 1932.André Salmon, Gringoire, June 1932: ""We should expect much from the painter Jean-Claude Fourneau, a true young artist, who has just had a remarkable exhibition at Jeanne Castel. Fourneau is part of what was called, 15 years ago, "organised naturalism". However, his lyricism is new and personal. His works emanate a radiant voluptuousness that must remain the essential power of this artist, when he reaches the period of constructive anxieties." He continued exhibiting there until 1948.
Claude Roger-Marx compared his drawings to those of a medium and appreciated their meticulousness: "The detail in Jean-Claude Fourneau's drawings gives us a sense of the infinite (...) Fascinating in the power and sensitivity that every stroke of his brush conveys."Claude Roger-Marx, "Jean-Claude Fourneau" Arts et métiers graphiques, n° 35, May 1933. For the literary character of his work, the critic quoted the artist himself: "I cannot conceive of a man painting who has no culture. I do not distinguish between painting and poetry, they both strive towards the same goal."Claude Roger-Marx, ibid.
Fourneau soon specialised in portraiture"Another ex-surrealist in the hot seat: Jean-Claude Fourneau. Here the tone becomes worldly and polite. The son of a great pharmaceutical dynasty, when he joined the so poorly judged group of the poètes maudits before the war, probably did not imagine that his experience would lead him to these portraits of princesses, countesses, marquises of the whole of Paris, beautiful and anxious in their deserted corridors, in search of a soul, a need, a dream. Jean-Claude Fourneau succeeds Christian Bérard with his own style. It was not easy and it is successful." Jean Bouret, "7 jours avec la peinture", Les Lettres françaises, n° 1003, 14 Nov. 1963. and built himself a solid reputation. Oriane de La Panouse, the countess of Paris, the Harcourt, Brantes, Faucigny-Lucinge, Seillière, Broglie, Pourtalès, Maillé, Montesquiou, Wendel families were amongst his clients.
An intimate circle of people supported his work, leading François Pluchart to state in the review Combat during the André Weil Gallery show in 1963: "The Parisian fashion and intellectual circle has found its painter".François Pluchart, "Le Tout-Paris a trouvé son peintre : Fourneau" Combat, 6 Nov. 1963. During 1961, he took the role of Bishop Cauchon in Robert Bresson's film The Trial of Joan of Arc (1962).
A show in Casablanca in 1954 made him known in Morocco, where he lived for several years. He painted the portraits of Lalla Malika, the sister of King Hassan II, of Lalla Lamia, his step sister, of Karim Lamrani, his prime minister, of General Oufkir, and other members of the Moroccan Royal Court. Claude Rivière stated that Fourneau was the opposite of being a fashionable painter: "A great admirer of Antonin Artaud, of Paulhan, and of Aragon, the artist, with a fervour born of all the existential interstices due to his being, will first and foremost clash with his model. He dispossesses him of his own myths so that they may be recreated in the dimensions he wants to affirm."Claude Rivière, "Jean-Claude Fourneau peintre de la vie modern", Combat, 14 Nov. 1963. Jean Paulhan asked: "By what means (or what secret) is it given to J.-C. Fourneau to have at his disposal both such abundance and such harshness?""L'actualité artistique", Le Figaro littéraire, 14 Nov. 1963.
Fourneau appeared in a photograph of surrealist artists gathered at the Café Cyrano in 1953,André Breton 42, Rue Fontaine, catalogue of the Calmels Cohen sale, Hôtel Drouot, April 2003, p. 193. and André Breton mentioned him as being part of the group.Ibid. On the back of this photograph, as the legend of the catalogue mentions, Breton wrote the names of the group members, among which is that of J.-C. Fourneau. Breton was a form of tutor to Fourneau, for whom he had much affection and confirmed the influence of surrealism in its literary and artistic form in his work.
On his return to Paris in 1968, Jean-Claude Fourneau resumed portrait painting, and his last exhibition was held in 1976.
Work Portrait of Andrée Seillière,Sister of Ernest-Antoine Seillière. oil on canvas, 1942 (coll. Andrée Jaigu) Portrait of Josée de Chambrun,Daughter of Pierre Laval and wife of René de Chambrun. oil on canvas, 1947 (coll. Josée and René de Chambrun Foundation) Portrait of Felix Yusupov, oil on canvas, 1951 (coll. Fourneau) Portrait of Agnès Bourgois, oil on plywood, 1953 (coll. Fondation Agnès Troublé, dite agnès b.) Portrait of Général Catroux, oil on canvas, 1955 (coll. Maison d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur, Saint-Denis) Portrait of Céleste Albaret,Servant of Marcel Proust. oil on canvas, 1957 (coll. Fourneau) Portrait of Princess Lalla Malika of Morocco, oil on canvas, 1958 (coll. Royal Palace of Rabat) Portrait of Jeanne-Marie de Broglie,Member of Conseil d'administration du musée d'Orsay, Member of Conseil d'administration de la Société des amis du Louvre, former manager of Christie's-Europe, donor to French Musées nationaux. oil on canvas, 1958 (coll. J.-M. de Broglie) Portrait of Jean Paulhan, oil on plywood, 1964 (coll. Jacqueline Paulhan)Cf. Bulletin de la Société des lecteurs de Jean Paulhan , n° 30, Oct. 2007, p. 17. Portrait of Dominique Aury, oil on Isorel, 1965 (coll. Fourneau) Portrait of Diane de France, oil on plywood (coll. Diane de Würtemberg) Portrait of Karl de Würtemberg, oil on canvas (coll. Karl de Würtemberg) Portrait of Anne-Aymone Giscard d’Estaing, oil on canvas, 1969 (coll. A.-A. Giscard d’Estaing)
Exhibitions Solo exhibitions 1948 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1954 : Galerie du Livre, Casablanca 1962 : Centre culturel français, Rome 1963 : Galerie André Weil, Paris 1976 : Centre français d’art et d’artisanat, Paris
Exhibitions with others 1932 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1933 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1936 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1938 : Galerie Montaigne, Paris 1939 : Salon des Tuileries, Paris 1946 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1947 : Galerie Jeanne Castel, Paris 1949 : Galerie du Siècle, Paris
Gallery
External links Jean-Claude Fourneau "Notes et Carnets de Jean-Claude Fourneau", Ironie, no. 142, November 2009
Notes and references