The Bihar Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the state of Bihar in Eastern India. Its seat is at Patna, the capital of the state, and it sits for a term of five years unless it is dissolved early. Bihar is India's second largest state by population and the twelfth largest by area. The assembly was created in 1937 as an outcome of the split of the Bihar and Orissa Province, after the passage of the Government of India Act, 1935. The Bihar Legislative Assembly has had 18 terms since independence. After the latest election in 2025, the assembly is dominated by the governing National Democratic Alliance, which won 202 out of the 243 seats. Rashtriya Janata Dal, the largest opposition party, has 25 seats.

Constituency boundaries are periodically redrawn by the delimitation commission which tries to keep them as geographically compact areas, and with due consideration to existing boundaries of administrative units. The latest census is used to draw the boundaries and every assembly constituency has to be completely within a parliamentary constituency. Since 2000, the Bihar Assembly has had 243 single-seat constituencies, each of which directly elects a representative based on a first past the post election.

Since the independence of India from the United Kingdom in 1947, the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) have been given reservation status, guaranteeing political representation, and the Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. According to the 2011 census of India the Scheduled Castes constitute , while the Scheduled Tribes constitute of the population of the state. The Scheduled Castes have been granted a reservation of 38 seats in the assembly, while 2 constituencies are reserved for candidates of the Scheduled Tribes.

History +Changes in the constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly Year Act/OrderExplanation Totalseats SC-reserved seats ST-reserved seats Election(s) 1950, 1951 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1951 The Indian Constitution came into effect and new constituencies were created. 276 0 24 1952 1956 States Reorganisation Act, 1956 Some parts of Bihar were transferred to West Bengal. 264 39 29 1957 1961 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1961There were changes in the number and reservation status of constituencies. Two-member constituencies were abolished. 318 40 32 1962 1966 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1966 There were changes to the number of seats reserved for SC and ST candidates. 318 45 29 1967 1969, 1972 1976 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 There were changes in the number and reservation status of constituencies. 324 46 28 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 2000 Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 The new state of Jharkhand was created from the southern parts of Bihar.

There were 324 assembly constituencies in undivided Bihar. After the split, 243 of them composed the reduced legislative assembly of the state. 243 39 0 2005 (February), 2005 (October) 2008 Delimitation Commission Order, 2008 There were changes in the reservation status and area covered by constituencies. 243 38 2 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025

Constituencies

+Constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly Name Reservation District Lok Sabhaconstituency Electorate(2025) 1 Valmiki Nagar None West Champaran Valmiki Nagar 2 Ramnagar SC 3 Narkatiaganj None 4 Bagaha 5 Lauriya 6 Nautan Paschim Champaran 7 Chanpatia 8 Bettiah 9 Sikta Valmiki Nagar 10 Raxaul East Champaran Paschim Champaran 11 Sugauli 12 Narkatiya 13 Harsidhi SC Purvi Champaran 14 Govindganj None 15 Kesaria 16 Kalyanpur 17 Pipra 18 Madhuban Sheohar 19 Motihari Purvi Champaran 20 Chiraia Sheohar 21 Dhaka 22 Sheohar Sheohar 23 Riga Sitamarhi 24 Bathnaha SC Sitamarhi 25 Parihar None 26 Sursand 27 Bajpatti 28 Sitamarhi 29 Runnisaidpur 30 Belsand Sheohar 31 Harlakhi Madhubani Madhubani 32 Benipatti 33 Khajauli Jhanjharpur 34 Babubarhi 35 Bisfi Madhubani 36 Madhubani 37 Rajnagar SC Jhanjharpur 38 Jhanjharpur None 39 Phulparas 40 Laukaha 41 Nirmali Supaul Supaul 42 Pipra 43 Supaul 44 Triveniganj SC 45 Chhatapur None 46 Narpatganj Araria Araria 47 Raniganj SC 48 Forbesganj None 49 Araria 50 Jokihat 51 Sikti 52 Bahadurganj Kishanganj Kishanganj 53 Thakurganj 54 Kishanganj 55 Kochadhaman 56 Amour Purnia 57 Baisi 58 Kasba Purnia 59 Banmankhi SC 60 Rupauli None 61 Dhamdaha 62 Purnia 63 Katihar Katihar Katihar 64 Kadwa 65 Balrampur 66 Pranpur 67 Manihari ST 68 Barari None 69 Korha SC Purnia 70 Alamnagar None Madhepura Madhepura 71 Bihariganj 72 Singheshwar SC Supaul 73 Madhepura None Madhepura 74 Sonbarsha SC Saharsa 75 Saharsa None 76 Simri Bakhtiarpur Khagaria 77 Mahishi Madhepura 78 Kusheshwar Asthan SC Darbhanga Samastipur 79 Gaura Bauram None Darbhanga 80 Benipur 81 Alinagar 82 Darbhanga Rural 83 Darbhanga 84 Hayaghat Samastipur 85 Bahadurpur Darbhanga 86 Keoti Madhubani 87 Jale 88 Gaighat Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur 89 Aurai 90 Minapur 91 Bochahan SC 92 Sakra 93 Kurhani None 94 Muzaffarpur 95 Kanti Vaishali 96 Baruraj 97 Paroo 98 Sahebganj 99 Baikunthpur Gopalganj Gopalganj 100 Barauli 101 Gopalganj 102 Kuchaikote 103 Bhore SC 104 Hathua None 105 Siwan Siwan Siwan 106 Ziradei 107 Darauli SC 108 Raghunathpur None 109 Daraunda 110 Barharia 111 Goriakothi Maharajganj 112 Maharajganj 113 Ekma Saran 114 Manjhi 115 Baniapur 116 Taraiya 117 Marhaura Saran 118 Chapra 119 Garkha SC 120 Amnour None 121 Parsa 122 Sonpur 123 Hajipur Vaishali Hajipur 124 Lalganj 125 Vaishali Vaishali 126 Mahua Hajipur 127 Raja Pakar SC 128 Raghopur None 129 Mahnar 130 Patepur SC Ujiarpur 131 Kalyanpur Samastipur Samastipur 132 Warisnagar None 133 Samastipur 134 Ujiarpur Ujiarpur 135 Morwa 136 Sarairanjan 137 Mohiuddinnagar 138 Bibhutipur 139 Rosera SC Samastipur 140 Hasanpur None Khagaria 141 Cheria-Bariarpur Begusarai Begusarai 142 Bachhwara 143 Teghra 144 Matihani 145 Sahebpur Kamal 146 Begusarai 147 Bakhri SC 148 Alauli Khagaria Khagaria 149 Khagaria None 150 Beldaur 151 Parbatta 152 Bihpur Bhagalpur Bhagalpur 153 Gopalpur 154 Pirpainti SC 155 Kahalgaon None 156 Bhagalpur 157 Sultanganj Banka 158 Nathnagar Bhagalpur 159 Amarpur Banka Banka 160 Dhoraiya SC 161 Banka None 162 Katoria ST 163 Belhar None 164 Tarapur Munger Jamui 165 Munger Munger 166 Jamalpur 167 Suryagarha Lakhisarai 168 Lakhisarai 169 Sheikhpura Sheikhpura Jamui 170 Barbigha Nawada 171 Asthawan Nalanda Nalanda 172 Biharsharif 173 Rajgir SC 174 Islampur None 175 Hilsa 176 Nalanda 177 Harnaut 178 Mokama Patna Munger 179 Barh 180 Bakhtiarpur Patna Sahib 181 Digha 182 Bankipur 183 Kumhrar 184 Patna Sahib 185 Fatuha 186 Danapur Pataliputra 187 Maner 188 Phulwari SC 189 Masaurhi 190 Paliganj None 191 Bikram 192 Sandesh Bhojpur Arrah 193 Barhara 194 Arrah 195 Agiaon SC 196 Tarari None 197 Jagdishpur 198 Shahpur 199 Brahampur Buxar Buxar 200 Buxar 201 Dumraon 202 Rajpur SC 203 Ramgarh None Kaimur 204 Mohania SC Sasaram 205 Bhabua None 206 Chainpur 207 Chenari SC Rohtas 208 Sasaram None 209 Kargahar 210 Dinara Buxar 211 Nokha Karakat 212 Dehri 213 Karakat 214 Arwal Arwal Jahanabad 215 Kurtha 216 Jehanabad Jehanabad 217 Ghosi 218 Makhdumpur SC 219 Goh None Aurangabad Karakat 220 Obra 221 Nabinagar 222 Kutumba SC Aurangabad 223 Aurangabad None 224 Rafiganj 225 Gurua Gaya 226 Sherghati Gaya 227 Imamganj SC Aurangabad 228 Barachatti Gaya 229 Bodh Gaya 230 Gaya Town None 231 Tikari Aurangabad 232 Belaganj Gaya 233 Atri Jahanabad 234 Wazirganj Gaya 235 Rajauli SC Nawada Nawada 236 Hisua None 237 Nawada 238 Gobindpur 239 Warsaliganj 240 Sikandra SC Jamui Jamui 241 Jamui None 242 Jhajha 243 Chakai

See also List of Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar List of constituencies of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Bihar Legislative Council

Notes

References