Clathria is a large genus of demosponges in the family Microcionidae.
Taxonomy Clathria was first formally named in Eduard Oscar Schmidt's 1862 Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres ("The sponges of the Adriatic Sea"). The type species is Clathria (Clathria) compressa.
The genus is divided into several subgenera: Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 Clathria (Cornulotrocha) Hallmann, 1920 Clathria (Dendrocia) Topsent, 1927 Clathria (Isociella) Hallmann, 1920 Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 Clathria (Paresperia) Burton, 1930 Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885
Species The following species are recognised in the genus Clathria:
Subgenus Axosuberites Topsent, 1893 Clathria aurantia Annunziata, Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria benguelaensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 Clathria canaliculata (Whitelegge, 1906) Clathria cylindrica (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) Clathria fauroti (Topsent, 1893) Clathria flabellata (Topsent, 1916) Clathria fromontae Hooper, 1996 Clathria georgiaensis Hooper, 1996 Clathria hillenburgi Annunziata, Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria lambei (Koltun, 1955) Clathria macrotoxa (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988) Clathria marplatensis (Cuartas, 1992) Clathria multitoxaformis (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988) Clathria nidificata (Kirkpatrick, 1907) Clathria pachyaxia (Lévi, 1960) Clathria papillata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria parva Lévi, 1963 Clathria patula (Hooper, 1996) Clathria ramea (Koltun, 1964) Clathria retamalesi Fernandez, Bravo-Gómez, Cárdenas & Hajdu, 2020 Clathria riosae Van Soest, 2017 Clathria rosita Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012 Clathria thetidis (Hallmann, 1920) Subgenus Clathria Schmidt, 1862 Clathria acanthostyli (Hoshino, 1981) Clathria acanthotoxa (Stephens, 1916) Clathria angulifera Dendy, 1896 Clathria anthoides Lévi, 1993 Clathria antyaja (Burton & Rao, 1932) Clathria arbuscula (Row, 1911) Clathria arcifera (Schmidt, 1868) Clathria arcuophora Whitelegge, 1907 Clathria arroyoi Uriz, 1984 Clathria asodes (de Laubenfels, 1930) Clathria axociona Lévi, 1963 Clathria barleei (Bowerbank, 1866) Clathria basilana Lévi, 1961 Clathria bergquistae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 Clathria biclathrata Hooper in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994 Clathria borealis Hooper, 1996 Clathria bulbosa Hooper & Lévi, 1993 Clathria burtoni Cuartas, 1995 Clathria caelata Hallmann, 1912 Clathria calopora Whitelegge, 1907 Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria carteri Topsent, 1889 Clathria chelifera (Hentschel, 1911) Clathria (Clathria) compressa Schmidt, 1862 Clathria conectens (Hallmann, 1912) Clathria conica Lévi, 1963 Clathria contorta (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988) Clathria coralloides (Scopoli, 1772) Clathria crassa (Lendenfeld, 1887) Clathria dayi Lévi, 1963 Clathria decumbens Ridley, 1884 Clathria depressa Sarà & Melone, 1966 Clathria discreta (Thiele, 1905) Clathria echinonematissima (Carter, 1887) Clathria elastica Lévi, 1963 Clathria elegans Vosmaer, 1880 Clathria faviformis Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 Clathria flo Payne, Samaai & Gibbons, 2025 Clathria foliacea Topsent, 1889 Clathria foliascens Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971 Clathria frondiculata (Schmidt, 1864) Clathria gageoensis Kim & Sim, 2005 Clathria gimnyeoungenesis Kim & Sim, 2008 Clathria gombawuiensis Kim & Sim, 2005 Clathria gomezae Van Soest, 2017 Clathria gorgonioides (Dendy, 1916) Clathria hexagonopora Lévi, 1963 Clathria hispidula (Ridley, 1884) Clathria hjorti (Arnesen, 1920) Clathria hongdoensis Kim & Sim, 2006 Clathria horrida (Row, 1911) Clathria ieoensis Kang & Kim, 2018 Clathria inanchorata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Clathria indica Dendy, 1889 Clathria inhacensis Thomas, 1979 Clathria intermedia Kirk, 1911 Clathria irregularis (Burton, 1931) Clathria juncea Burton, 1931 Clathria jungtaedoensis Kim & Sim, 2007 Clathria koreana Sim & Lee, 1998 Clathria kylista Hooper & Lévi, 1993 Clathria laevigata Lambe, 1893 Clathria lipochela Burton, 1932 Clathria lissosclera Bergquist & Fromont, 1988 Clathria lobata Vosmaer, 1880 Clathria macroisochela Lévi, 1993 Clathria maeandrina Ridley, 1884 Clathria marissuperi Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 Clathria menoui Hooper & Lévi, 1993 Clathria meyeri (Bowerbank, 1877) Clathria microchela (Stephens, 1916) Clathria microxa Desqueyroux, 1972 Clathria mortenseni (Brøndsted, 1924) Clathria mosulpia Sim & Byeon, 1989 Clathria multiformis Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019 Clathria multipes Hallmann, 1912 Clathria murphyi Hooper, 1996 Clathria nicoleae Vieira de Barros, Santos & Pinheiro, 2013 Clathria noarlungae Hooper, 1996 Clathria obliqua (George & Wilson, 1919) Clathria oculata Burton, 1933 Clathria omegiensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 Clathria oxyphila (Hallmann, 1912) Clathria pachystyla Lévi, 1963 Clathria papillosa Thiele, 1905 Clathria partita Hallmann, 1912 Clathria paucispicula (Burton, 1932) Clathria pauper Brøndsted, 1927 Clathria pellicula Whitelegge, 1897 Clathria perforata (Lendenfeld, 1887) Clathria piniformis (Carter, 1885) Clathria plurityla Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 Clathria priestleyae Goodwin, Berman & Hendry, 2019 Clathria productitoxa (Hoshino, 1981) Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Clathria pyramidalis (Brøndsted, 1924) Clathria ramsayiensis Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019 Clathria ramus Kang & Kim, 2018 Clathria raphanus (Lamarck, 1814) Clathria rectangulosa Schmidt, 1870 Clathria reticularis Kim & Sim, 2008 Clathria rhaphidotoxa Stephens, 1915 Clathria rubens (Lendenfeld, 1888) Clathria sarai Hooper, 1996 Clathria saraspinifera Hooper, 1996 Clathria sartaginula (Lamarck, 1814) Clathria shirahama Tanita, 1977 Clathria sohuksanensis Kim & Sim, 2006 Clathria spinispicula Tanita, 1968 Clathria spongodes Dendy, 1922 Clathria squalorum Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994 Clathria striata Whitelegge, 1907 Clathria stromnessa Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012 Clathria surculosa (Esper, 1797) Clathria terraenovae Dendy, 1924 Clathria tortuosa Uriz, 1988 Clathria toxipraedita Topsent, 1913 Clathria toxistricta Topsent, 1925 Clathria toxistyla (Sarà, 1959) Clathria toxivaria (Sarà, 1959) Clathria transiens Hallmann, 1912 Clathria typica sensu Kirkpatrick, 1903 Clathria ulmus Vosmaer, 1880 Clathria unica Cuartas, 1992 Clathria unoriginalis Turner & Lonhart, 2023 Clathria vasiformis (de Laubenfels, 1953) Clathria whiteleggii Dendy, 1922 Clathria wilsoni Wiedenmayer, 1989 Clathria zoanthifera Lévi, 1963 Subgenus Cornulotrocha Topsent, 1927 Clathria cheliglomerata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria cheliradians (Topsent, 1927) Clathria polita (Ridley, 1881) Clathria rosetafiordica Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Willenz, 2006 Subgenus Dendrocia Hallmann, 1920 Clathria curvichela (Hallmann, 1912) Clathria dura Whitelegge, 1901 Clathria elegantula Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Clathria imperfecta Dendy, 1896 Clathria myxilloides Dendy, 1896 Clathria pyramida Lendenfeld, 1888 Clathria scabida (Carter, 1885) Clathria tuberculata (Burton, 1934) Subgenus Isociella Hallmann, 1920 Clathria eccentrica (Burton, 1934) Clathria incrustans Bergquist, 1961 Clathria macropora Lendenfeld, 1888 Clathria oudekraalensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 Clathria selachia Hooper, 1996 Clathria skia Hooper, 1996 Subgenus Microciona Bowerbank, 1862 Clathria acarnoides Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014 Clathria aceratoobtusa (Carter, 1887) Clathria achelata Sandes & Pinheiro, 2016 Clathria aculeofila Aguirre, Hooker, Willenz & Hajdu, 2011 Clathria adioristica (de Laubenfels, 1953) Clathria affinis (Carter, 1880) Clathria africana (Lévi, 1956) Clathria anancora (Topsent, 1904) Clathria angularis (Sarà & Siribelli, 1960) Clathria anonyma (Burton, 1959) Clathria antarctica (Topsent, 1917) Clathria aquaradiata Ott, McDaniel & Humphrey, 2024 Clathria armata (Bowerbank, 1862) Clathria ascendens (Cabioch, 1968) Clathria ascensionis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria assimilis Topsent, 1925 Clathria atoxa Topsent, 1928 Clathria atrasanguinea (Bowerbank, 1862) Clathria aurea Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria basifixa (Topsent, 1913) Clathria bicleistochelifera Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria bitoxa (Burton, 1930) Clathria boavistae Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria brepha (Laubenfels, 1930) Clathria bulboretorta (Carter, 1880) Clathria bulbotoxa van Soest, 1984 Clathria calla (Laubenfels, 1934) Clathria calloides Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria campecheae Hooper, 1996 Clathria cancapseptima Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria capverdensis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria cheeki Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2016 Clathria claudei Hooper, 1996 Clathria cleistochela Topsent, 1925 Clathria coccinea (Bergquist, 1961) Clathria conchicola Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria crassitoxa Santos & Pinheiro, 2014 Clathria ctenichela (Alander, 1942) Clathria danielae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria dendyi (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988) Clathria densa (Burton, 1959) Clathria dianae (Schmidt, 1875) Clathria ditoxa (Stephens, 1916) Clathria duplex Sarà, 1958 Clathria echinata (Alcolado, 1984) Clathria elliptichela (Alander, 1942) Clathria fallax (Bowerbank, 1866) Clathria ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936) Clathria frogeti (Vacelet, 1969) Clathria gorgadensis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013 Clathria gradalis Topsent, 1925 Clathria grisea (Hentschel, 1911) Clathria haematodes (de Laubenfels, 1957) Clathria haplotoxa (Topsent, 1928) Clathria hentscheli Hooper, 1996 Clathria heterotoxa (Hentschel, 1929) Clathria hymedesmioides van Soest, 1984 Clathria illawarrae Hooper, 1996 Clathria ixauda (Lévi, 1969) Clathria laevis (Bowerbank, 1866) Clathria lajorei (de Laubenfels, 1954) Clathria larae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria leighensis Hooper, 1996 Clathria levii (Sarà & Siribelli, 1960) Clathria lizardensis Hooper, 1996 Clathria longistyla (Burton, 1959) Clathria macrochela (Lévi, 1960) Clathria matthewsi Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012 Clathria microjoanna (de Laubenfels, 1930) Clathria micronesia (de Laubenfels, 1954) Clathria microxea (Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971) Clathria mima (de Laubenfels, 1954) Clathria moraesi Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria mytilifila Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013 Clathria namibiensis (Uriz, 1984) Clathria nisiae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019 Clathria normani (Burton, 1930) Clathria novaezealandiae (Brøndsted, 1924) Clathria osismica (Cabioch, 1968) Clathria parthena (de Laubenfels, 1930) Clathria pennata (Lambe, 1895) Clathria plinthina (de Laubenfels, 1954) Clathria poecilosclera (Sarà & Siribelli, 1960) Clathria primitiva (Koltun, 1955) Clathria rarispinosa (Hechtel, 1965) Clathria rhopalophora (Hentschel, 1912) Clathria richmondi Hooper, Kelly & Kennedy, 2000 Clathria rumsena Turner & Lonhart, 2023 Clathria saoensis Gastaldi, De Paula, Narvarte, Lôbo-Hajdu & Hajdu, 2018 Clathria scotti (Dendy, 1924) Clathria sigmoidea (Cuartas, 1992) Clathria simae Hooper, 1996 Clathria similis (Thiele, 1903) Clathria sinyangensis Kim & Sim, 2009 Clathria snelliusae Van Soest, 2017 Clathria spinarcus (Carter & Hope, 1889) Clathria spinatoxa (Hoshino, 1981) Clathria spinosa (Wilson, 1902) Clathria spongigartina (Laubenfels, 1930) Clathria stellata Sim-Smith, Hickman & Kelly, 2021 Clathria stephensae Hooper, 1996 Clathria strepsitoxa (Hope, 1889) Clathria tenebrosa Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2016 Clathria tenuis (Stephens, 1915) Clathria tenuissima (Stephens, 1916) Clathria tetrastyla (Hentschel, 1912) Clathria thielei (Hentschel, 1912) Clathria toximajor Topsent, 1925 Clathria toxirecta (Sarà & Siribelli, 1960)