This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, and the adjacent island Madura.
Included are some states and rulers whose existence remain open to conjecture, due to inadequate historical evidence, while others are historically verifiable. Some rulers are also considered to be mythical in that although evidence is available to claim their places in various royal family trees, there are no independent items of corroborating evidence to clarify their existence.
Some of these have continued as titular entities after the achievement of Indonesian independence in 1945.
Ruler of Jawadwipa
Dewawarman (fl. 132)Krom (1931), pp. 61–62.
Rulers of Tarumanagara Source:Krom (1931), pp. 77–83.
Pinabahu (4th–5th centuries) Purnawarman (early 5th century) [grandson?] Po Tuo Jia (fl. 424) Dwarawarman (?) (fl. 435)
Rulers of Sunda Source:Krom (1931), pp. 470, 472; Atja & Saleh (1981).
Jayabhupati (fl. 1030) Prabu Maharaja Wangsa (?–1357) Hyang Bunisora (regent 1357–?) Prabu Niskalawastu Kancana [son of Prabu Maharaja Wangsa] Rahyang Dewa Niskala [son] Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482–1521) [son] Prabu Surawisesa [son] Prabu Ratudewata Sang Ratu Saksi Tohaan di Majaya Nusiya Mulya (c. 1559/67–1579) The Sunda Kingdom was conquered by Banten
Rulers of ancient Java Source:Jordaan (1993); Coedès (1968); Krom (1931).
Queen Shima (queen, fl. 674) Sanna (c. 700) Sanjaya (Sang Ratu i Halu)Coedés (1968), p. 89 (fl. 732) [nephew] Rakai Panangkaran (746–784) Rakai Panungalan (784–803) Samaragrawira (Rakai Warak Dyah Manara) (803–827) Dyah Gula (827–828) Rakai Patapan (828–847) Rakai Pikatan (847–855) Kayuwangi Dyah Lokapala (855–885) Dyah Tagwas (885) Rake Panumwangan Dyah Dewendra (885–887) Rake Gurunwangi Dyah Bhadra (887) Rake Wungkal Humalang Dyah Jbang (894–898) Rake Watukara, Balitung (898–c. 910) [son?] Rake Hino, Daksa (fl. 913–915) [brother-in-law?] Rakai Layang, Tulodong (fl. 919–921) [son of Balitung] Rake Pangkaya, Wawa (fl. 927–928) Rake Hino, Sindok (fl. 929–947) [grandson of Daksa?] Śri Iśanatunggawijaya (10th century) [son] Makutawamśa Anantawikrama (?–c. 990/1) [son] Dharmawamśa Anantawikrama (c. 990/1–1016) [son?] Airlangga 1019–1042; died 1049 [son-in-law] The Javanese kingdom is split into Janggala and Kediri
Shailendra dynasty Source:De Casparis (1950), p. 133.
Bhanu (fl. 732) Wishnu, Dharmatungga (before 775–782) [son?] Indra, Sangramadhanamjaya (782?–812?) [son?] Samaratungga (812?–832?) [son] Balaputradewa (c. 832–855) [son] The dynasty continues to rule Śriwijaya on Sumatra
Rulers in ancient East Java Source:Krom (1931), p. 470.
Dewasimha (7th or 8th century) Gajayana (8th century) [son] A[ ... ]nana (fl. 760) [grandson]
Rulers of Janggala Source:Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), pp. 257–265.
Mapanji Garasakan (1042–1052) [son of Airlangga] Mapanji Alanjung Ahyes (1052–c. 1059) [brother] Samarotsaha (fl. 1059) [brother]
Rulers of Kediri Source:Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 265-80; Coedès (1968); Krom (1931), p. 272–301.
Samarawijaya (1042–?) [son of Airlangga] Jyitêndrakara (fl. 1051–1112) Bameśwara (fl. 1112–1135) Jayabhaya (fl. 1135–1159) Sarwweśwara (fl. 1159–1161) Aryyeśwara (fl. 1171–1174?) Kroncaryyadipa, Gandra (fl. 1181) Kameśwara (fl. 1182?–1185) Kertajaya, Dangdang Gendis (before 1194–1222) Kediri is taken over by Singasari 1222–1292 Jayakatwang (1292–1293)
Rulers of Singhasari Source:Krom (1931), p. 471; De Graaf (1949), p. 480.
Ken Angrok, Rajasa (1222–1227) Anuśapati, Panji Anengah (1227–1248) [stepson] Panji Tohjaya (1248) [son of Ken Angrok] Ranggawuni, Wisnuwardhana (1248–1268) [son of Anuśapati] Kertanagara, Siwabuddha (1268–1292) [son] Jayakatwang (usurper 1292–1293) Singasari is incorporated into Majapahit
Rulers of Majapahit Source:De Graaf (1949), p. 480; Noorduyn (1978); Krom (1931), p. 471.
Kertarajasa (Raden Wijaya) (1294–1309) Jayanagara (Kala Gemet) (1309–1328) [son] Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi (1328–1350) [sister] Rajasanagara (Hayam Wuruk) (1350–1389) [son] Wikramawardhana (Bhre Hyang Wiśesa) (1390–1429) [nephew] Suhita (1429–1447) [daughter] Kertawijaya (Wijayaparakramawardhana) (1447–1451) [brother] Rajasawardhana (Sinagara) (1451–1453) Giriśawardhana (Hyang Purwawiśesa) (1456–1466) [brother] Singhawikramawardhana (Bhre Pandan Salas) (1466–1474) [brother] Girindrawardhana Ranawijaya (1474-1498) Bhatara Wijaya (fl. 1513) [grandson of Rajasawardhana] Patih Udara (1498-1527) [of the patih family] Majapahit is conquered by Demak
Rulers of Blambangan Source:Arifin (1995); De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 192–198.
Mas Sembar or Minak Sembar Bima Koncar/Minak Sumedhe [son] Menak Pentor (fl. 1513) [son] Santaguna (fl. c. 1575) N.N. (fl. 1588) N.N. (?–1597) [son] Mas Karian (?–1632; died 1633) Sunan Tawangalun I (Pangeran Singasari) (1633–1639) [son of Sunan Rebut Payung or Minak Lumpat] Prabhu Tawangalun II (Mas Senepo) (1645–1691) [son] Pangeran Pati (1691) [stepson of Mas Senepo] Mancanagara and Sasranegara (brief rule because of war between Pangeran Pati, Mancanegara and Sasranegara, 1691–1692) [brothers] Mancanapura (Dalem Agung) (1692–1697) [brother] Pangeran Putra (Danureja) (1697–1736) [son of Sasranegara] Danuningrat (1736–1763; died 1766) [son] Pangeran Wilis (1767–1768) [brother] Blambangan was conquered by the Dutch East India Company
Rulers of Demak Source:De Graaf (1949), p. 481; De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 34–85.
Pate Rodim I (Arya Sumangsang) (late 15th century–1504?) Pate Rodim II (Arya Trenggana) (c. 1504–1518) [son] Pate Unus (c. 1518–1521) [brother-in-law] Pate Rodim II (Arya Trenggana) (second time, c. 1521–1546) Sunan Prawata (c. 1546–1549) [son] Pangeran Kediri (c. 1549–?) [nephew] Pangeran Mas Juruh (?–1588; died 1604) [son]
Rulers of Pajang Source:De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 206–219.
Jaka Tingkir (c. 1549–1587) Pangeran Benawa I (1588–1589) [son] Pangeran Benawa II (1591–1618) [son] Pajang was merged into Mataram
Rulers of Giri Source:De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 137–155; Truhart (2003), p. 1237.
Prabhu Satmata (1485–1506) Sunan Dalem (1506–1545/46) [son] Sunan Seda Margi (1545/46–1548) [son] Sunan Prapen (1548–1605) [brother] Panembahan Kawis Gua (1605–1621) [son] Panembahan Agung (1621–1626) [son] Panembahan Mas Witana (1626–1680) [son] Giri was taken by Mataram and the Dutch East India Company
Rulers of Surabaya Source:De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 156–168; Truhart (2003), p. 1235.
Kyai Sinuhun Ngampeldenta (Pangeran Rakhman) (c. 1500) Pecat Tanda Terung (Pate Bubat?) (fl. 1513?) Pangeran Tundungmusuh [son] Pangeran Lena [son] Pangeran Jebuk [son] Pangeran Wanakrama (Wiryakrama?) (late 16th century) [son] Panembahan Rama [son] Pangeran Surabaya [son] Pangeran Sunjaya [brother] Raden Jayalengkara (?-1625; died 1630) Surabaya conquered by Mataram (1625)
Rulers of Pasuruan Source:De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 179–184.
Menak Sepetak (fl. 1513) [son of Patih Udara of Majapahit] Adipati Dengkol [son] Adipati Pekik (?–1614) [son of Surabaya ruler] Ki Gede Kapulungan (regent 1614?–1616/17) Pasuruan conquered by Mataram in 1616 or 1617 Surapati, Wiranegara I (1686–1706) Wiranegara II (1706–1707) [son] Pasuruan is conquered by the Dutch East India Company
Rulers of Tuban Source:De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 130–136; Truhart (2003), p. 1236.
Kyai Arya Papringan Raden Arya Rangga Lawe (c. 1300) [grandson] Sira Lawe [son] Raden Arya Sira Weneng [son] Sira Lena [son] Raden Arya Dikara [son] Arya Teja [son-in-law] Raden Arya Wilatikta (Pate Vira) (fl. 1513) [son] Kyai Arya Ngrasena [grandson-in-law] Kyai Arya Gegelang [son] Kyai Arya Batubang [son] Pangeran Arya Balewot [son] Pangeran Sekar Tanjung [son] Pangeran Ngangsar [brother] Pangeran Arya Pamalad (fl. c. 1587) [son of Pangeran Sekar Tanjung] Arya Salempe [brother] Pangeran Dalem (?–1619) [son of Pangeran Arya Pamalad] Tuban is conquered by Mataram
Rulers of Cirebon
Sunan Gunungjati (Fattahillah or Faletehan) born named Pangeran Syarief Hidayatullah (1527–1570) Panembahan Ratu (c. 1570–1650) [great-grandson] Pangeran Giri Laya (c. 1650–1662) [grandson] Cirebon is split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman and Kraton Kacirebonan (Panembahan Cirebon) lines
Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kasepuhan Source:Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
Sultan Sepuh I Syamsuddin (1662–1697) [son of Pangeran Giri Laya] Sultan Sepuh II Jamaluddin (1697–1723) [son] Sultan Sepuh III Muhammad Zainuddin (1723–1753) [son] Sultan Sepuh IV Muhammad Zainuddin (1753–1773) [son] Sultan Sepuh V Sapiuddin (1773–1786) [son] Sultan Sepuh VI (1786–1791) [brother] Sultan Sepuh VII Joharuddin (1791–1816) [son] Sultan Sepuh VIII Syamsuddin (1816–1819; titular sultan 1819–1843) (brother) Titular sultans of Kraton Kasepuhan since 1819 Sultan Sepuh IX Raja Syamsuddin (1843–1853) [son] Sultan Sepuh X Raja Dipati Satria (1853–1875) [son] Pangeran Jayawikarta (regent-sultan 1875–1880) [brother] Sultan Sepuh XI Raja Atmaja (1880–1885) [brother] Sultan Sepuh XII Raja Aluda Tajularifin (1885–1942) [son] Sultan Sepuh XIII Raja Rajaningrat (1942–1969) [son] Sultan Sepuh XIV Pangeran Raja Adipati Maulana Pakuningrat (1969–2010) [son] Sultan Sepuh XV Arif Natadiningrat (2010–) [son]
Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman Source:Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
Sultan Anom I Badruddin (1662–1703) [son of Pangeran Giri Laya] Sultan Anom II (1703–1706) [son] Sultan Anom III Muhammad Alimuddin (1719–1732) [son] Sultan Anom IV Khairuddin (1744–1797) [son] Sultan Anom V Imanuddin (1797–1807) [son] Sultan Anom VI Muhammad Kamaruddin (1807–1819; titular sultan 1819–1851) [son] Titular sultans of Kraton Kanoman since 1819 Sultan Anom VII Muhammad Kamaruddin (1851–1871) [son] Pangeran Raja Kaprabon (regent-sultan 1871–1879) [brother] Sultan Anom VIII Raja Dulkarnain (1879–1934) [son of Sultan Anom VII] Sultan Anom IX Nurbuat (1934–1935) [son] Sultan Anom X Muhammad Nurus (1935–1989) [son] Sultan Anom XI Muhammad Jalaluddin (1989–2002) [son] Sultan Anom XII Muhammad Saladin (2002) [son] Sultan Anom XIII Muhammad Emiruddin (2003–) [brother]
Rulers of Cirebon, Panembahan line Source:Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin (1662–1714) [son of Pangeran Giri Laya] Panembahan Cirebon II Muhammad Muhyiddin (1725–1731) [son] Panembahan Cirebon III Muhammad Tair Yarini Sabirin (1752–1773) [son]
Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kacirebonan Source:Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin (1697–1723) [son of Sultan Sepuh I] Sultan Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin (1723–1734) [son] Sultan Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin (1734–1758) [brother] Sultan Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin (1758–1768) [nephew] Sultan Cirebon IV (1808–1810; died 1814) [son of Sultan Anom III]
Rulers of Banten Source:Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888); Truhart (2003), pp. 1228–1229.
Hasanuddin (c. 1552–1570) [son of Sunan Gunungjati] Maulana Yusuf (c. 1570–1580) [son] Maulana Muhammad (c. 1580–1596) [son] Sultan Abdul Qadir (1596–1651) [son] Sultan Abu’lma’ali Ahmad (1638–c. 1650) [son] Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Abu’l Fatah (1651–1680; died 1692) [son] Sultan Haji, Abdulkahar (1680–1687) [son] Abu’l Fadhl Muhammad Yahya (1687–1690) [son] Abu’l Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin (1690–1733) [brother] Abu’l Fatah Muhammad Syafei (1733–1748; died 1758) [son] Ratu Syarifah Fatima (regent 1748–1750; died 1751) [wife] Abu’lma’ali Muhammad Wasi al-Halimin (1750–1753; died 1760) [brother of Abu’l Fatah] Abu Nazar Muhammad Arif Zainal Asyekin (1753–1777) [son of Abu’l Fatah] Abu’l Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I (1777–1802) [son]