Voiceless dental and alveolar trills are a type of consonantal sound. They differ from their cognate only by the vibrations of the vocal cord. It occurs in a few languages, usually alongside the voiced version, as a similar phoneme or an allophone.

Proto-Indo-European developed into a sound written as , with the letter for and the diacritic for , in Ancient Greek. It was probably a voiceless alveolar trill and became the regular word-initial allophone of in standard Attic Greek that has disappeared in Modern Greek. *Proto-Indo-European > Ancient Greek "flow", possibly

Features Features of a voiceless alveolar trill:

Its place of articulation is dental, alveolar or post-alveolar, which means it is articulated behind upper front teeth, at the alveolar ridge or behind the alveolar ridge. It is most often apical, which means that it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.

Occurrence

Dental Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Mongolian Khalkha  / 'blackboard' Syllable-final allophone of before voiceless consonants and in word-final position.

Alveolar Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Catalan Central 'sea' Apical. Extra-short allophone of coda rhotics. See Catalan phonology Menorcan Dharumbal 'stone' Contrasts with . Dutch 'far' Possible word-final allophone of . Estonian kasar [ˈkɑsɑr̥]'(dial.) ridge' Word-final allophone of after . See Estonian phonology Icelandic 'raven' Contrasts with . For some speakers it may actually be a voiceless flap. Also illustrates . See Icelandic phonologyKildin Sámiyҏҏт[ˈur̥ːt]'east'Contrasts with /r/, /rʲ/, and /r̥ʲ/. Konda 'ant hill' Contrasts . Lezgian / 'horns' Allophone of between voiceless obstruents. Limburgish Hasselt dialect 'odour' Possible word-final allophone of ; may be uvular instead.While does not state that explicitly, he uses the symbol for many instances of the word-final . See Hasselt dialect phonology Moksha / 'these grasses' Contrasts with : "short grass". It has the palatalized counterpart : "these apples", but "little apple" Nivkh Amur dialect / 'door' Contrasts with . In the Sakhalin dialect, typically fricated . Northern Sámi 'to talk or laugh noisily' Polish 'larynx' Allophone of when surrounded by voiceless consonants, or word finally after voiceless consonants. See Polish phonology Ukrainian / 'centre' Word-final allophone of after . See Ukrainian phonology Welsh 'December' Contrasts with . See Welsh phonology Yaygirr 'tooth' Contrasts with . Zapotec Quiegolani 'early' Allophone of .

Fricative trill

A voiceless alveolar fricative trill is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, except possibly the East Sakhalin dialect of Nivkh. It occurs allophonically in Czech.

Features Features of a voiceless alveolar fricative trill:

Its place of articulation is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge.

Occurrence Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Czech 'too (much)' Allophone of after voiceless consonants; may be a tapped fricative instead. See Czech phonology Norwegian Areas around Narvik 'Norwegian' Allophone of the sequence before voiceless consonants. Some subdialects of Trøndersk Nivkh (East) Sakhalin dialect / 'door' Contrasts with . In the Amur dialect, typically realized as . Polish Some dialects 'to come' Allophone of after voiceless consonants for speakers that do not merge it with . Present in areas from Starogard Gdański to Malbork and those south, west and northwest of them, area from Lubawa to Olsztyn to Olecko to Działdowo, south and east from Wieleń, around Wołomin, southeast from Ostrów Mazowiecka and west from Siedlce, from Brzeg to Opole and those north of them, and roughly from Racibórz to Nowy Targ. Most speakers, including speakers of standard Polish, pronounce it the same as , and speakers maintaining the distinction (which is mostly the elderly) sporadically do so too. Silesian Gmina Istebna Allophone of after voiceless consonants. It is pronounced the same as in most Polish dialects. Jablunkov

See also Index of phonetics articles

Notes

References

External links