This list of Narcissus species shows the accepted species names within the genus Narcissus (), which are predominantly spring perennial plants in the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae. Various common names including daffodil, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. The list of species is arranged by subgenus and section. Originally in 1753, Carl Linnaeus included only six species, while modern estimates of the number of species in the genus Narcissus have varied widely, from anywhere between 16 to nearly 160 species. , Plants of the World Online accepts 76 species, along with 93 hybrids.
Much of the variation lies in the definition of species, and whether closely related taxa are considered separate species or subspecies. Thus, a very wide view of each species, such as Webb's results in few species, while a very narrow view such as that of Fernandes results in a larger number. Another factor is the status of hybrids, given natural hybridisation. There is a distinction between what are referred to as 'ancient hybrids' which are found occurring over a relatively large area, and 'recent hybrids' with a more restricted range and found growing as solitary plants amongst their parents. The former are more often considered as separate species.
Fernandes (1951) accepted 22 species, on which were based the 27 species listed by Webb in the 1980 Flora Europaea. By 1968, Fernandes had accepted 63 species, and by 1990 Blanchard listed 65 species, and Erhardt 66 in 1993. In 2006 the International Daffodil Register listed 87 species. In contrast, the genetic study by Zonneveld (2008) resulted in only 36 species (for list and comparison with Webb, see Zonneveld Table 4).
Cultivars and species common names can be found in the Royal Horticultural Society's Botanical Classification and list of botanical names which is the basis of their International Daffodil Register. This is a searchable list and had 83 accepted species names in its December 2017 release.
Table of Narcissus species Over 300 synonymous species names are listed, reflecting wide variations in how the genus is divided into species. These have been arranged into Sections. These should not be confused with the horticultural classification of cultivars into divisions by the Royal Horticultural SocietyRoyal Horticultural Society System of Classification
Sections (with type species) shown are according to Zonneveld (2008). In addition Mathew (2002) further divides the sections into subsections.
Apodanthi (N. calcicola) Bulbocodium (N. bulbocodium) Ganymedes (N. triandrus) Jonquillae (N. jonquilla) Juncifolii (N. assoanus) Narcissus (N. poeticus) Nevadensis (N. nevadensis) Pseudonarcissus (N. pseudonarcissus) Tapeinanthus (N. cavanillesii) Serotini (N. serotinus) Tazettae (N. tazetta)
For a list of species by Section according to the Royal Horticultural Society, see the RHS Botanical Classification (last updated December 2017), which is the basis of their International Daffodil Register.RHS Botanical Classification
For the most recent classification, see the list of species from Plants of the World Online placed below the table.
NameAuthorityCommon nameImageDistributionSubgenus Hermione (Haw.) Spach.Type species: N. tazettaSection Aurelia (Gay) BakerNarcissus broussonetii (incorporated into Tazettae, 2008)Section Serotini ParlatoreNarcissus obsoletussyn. N. miniatus(Haw.) SpachDonnison-Morgan, Koopowitz & Zonneveld West, north and eastMediterranean basinMapNarcissus serotinusType speciesL. Spain, NW AfricaAdditional mapSection Tazettae de CandolleNarcissus broussonetiiMoved from AureliaLag. y Seg. North AfricaMapNarcissus dubiusGouan NW Spain, S FranceAdditional mapNarcissus elegans(Haw.) Spach Image West MediterraneanMapNarcissus papyraceussyn. N. barlaeKer Gawl.ParlatorePaperwhiteNW Africa, west andnorth MediterraneanAdditional mapNarcissus tazettaType species L. Mediterranean basin,Middle EastMapSubgenus Narcissus L.Type species: N. poeticusSection Apodanthi A.FernandesNarcissus albimarginatusD.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies Image MoroccoMapNarcissus calcicolaType speciesMendonça Narcissus rupicolasyn. N. atlanticusDufour ex Schult.f.Stern Portugal, Spain, MoroccoAdditional mapNarcissus scaberulusHenriq. Image Previously N. cuatrecasasii Fern.Casas (moved to Jonquillae)Section Bulbocodium de Candolle Narcissus bulbocodiumType speciesL. Hoop-petticoat daffodilFrance, SpainMapNarcissus cantabricus DC.White Hoop-petticoat DaffodilSpain, NW AfricaAdditional mapNarcissus foliosus(Maire) Fern.Casas Image MoroccoMapNarcissus hedraeanthus(Webb & Heldr.) Colmeiro Narcissus nivalisGraells ImageSpain, PortugalMapNarcissus obesusSalisb. Narcissus romieuxii Braun-Blanq. & Maire MoroccoMapDoubtful Narcissus hesperidis Fern.Casas Narcissus jeanmonodii Fern.Casas Narcissus tingitanus Fern.Casas Section Ganymedes (Haworth) Schultes f.Narcissus lusitanicusDorda & Fern. Casas PortugalMapNarcissus pallidulussyn. N. cernuusNot currently accepted by The Plant List, which lists it as a synonym of N. cernuus Salisb., which is listed by Mathews as a variety of N. triandrus.GraellsSalisb. ImageSpain, PortugalMapNarcissus triandrusN. lusitanicus and N. pallidulus originally considered subspecies or varieties of N. triandrus. However both Zonnefeld (2008), together with Dorda and Fernandez Casas (1989) and Perez-Barrales et al. (2006) find sufficient evidence to consider these to be separate speciesType speciesL.Angel's-tearsFrance, Spain, PortugalMapSection Jonquilla de CandolleN. assoanus Dufour ex Schult. & Schult.f. and N. gaditanus Boiss. & Reut. were previously included in Jonquilla but were moved to Juncifolii in 2008 when this was split off Narcissus blanchardiisyn. N. flavusN. flavus is the accepted name according to The Plant List, but Zonneveld, who described the taxon, disputes this. Zonn. stat. nov.Lag. Image Portugal, SpainMapNarcissus cuatrecasasiiMoved from Apodanthi Fern.Casas, Lainz & Ruiz Rejon Spain, MoroccoAdditional mapNarcissus jonquillaType speciesL.JonquilRush daffodilNarcissus viridiflorus Schousb. Gibraltar, MoroccoMap Section Juncifolii (A. Fern.) Zonn. sect nov.Fernandes considered this a subsection of JonquillaNarcissus assoanusType speciesDufourRush-leaf jonquil E Spain, S FranceAdditional mapNarcissus gaditanusBoiss. & Reuter Section Narcissus L. Narcissus poeticusType speciesL.Poet's Narcissus Central EuropeMapSection Nevadensis Zonn. sect. nov Although Aedo in the Flora Iberica considered these to all be Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nevadensis (Pugsley) A. Fern., Medrano et al. criticised this approach for ignoring phylogenetic evidence to the contrary, and their data support the differentiation into these three species. Narcissus bujeiWhile the World Checklist considers this to be a synonym of N. longispathus, Zonneveld treated it as a separate species on the basis of DNA contentFern. CasasImage S SpainNarcissus longispathusMoved from Pseudonarcissus Pugsley S SpainMapNarcissus nevadensisType speciesPugsley Section Pseudonarcissus de CandolleThe taxonomy and speciation of Section Pseudonarcissus, the largest section, has proved particularly problematic, even after splitting it into two. Zonneveld subdivided the section into two sections Pseudonarcissus (France, northern Spain and Portugal) and Nevadensis (southern Spain). Opinions as to the number of species varies considerably, from considering the section as a single variable species to a section with a very large number of species. Zonneveld accepted eight, with those taxa having similar amounts of DNA considered as either synonyms or subspecies. He accepted eight subspecies. Mathew considered there to be two groups, which he labelled A (small flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter) and B (large flowers, 5–12 cm in diameter).Trumpet daffodilsNarcissus abscissus(Haw.) Roem. & Schult.f. Spain, S FranceAdditional mapNarcissus asturiensis(Jord.) Pugsley N Spain, PortugalMapNarcissus cyclamineusDC.Cyclamen-flowered DaffodilPortugal, NW SpainMapNarcissus jacetanusFern.Casas NE SpainMap Narcissus moleroiFern.Casas Image Narcissus primigenius(Fern.Suárez ex M.Laínz) Fern.Casas & Laínz Image Narcissus pseudonarcissusType speciesL.Wild Daffodil W. EuropeMapPreviously N. alcaracensis syn. N. longispathus N. confusus Pugsley syn. N. pseudonarcissus N. hispanicus Gouan syn. N. pseudonarcissus (Spanish Daffodil) N. longispathus (moved to Nevadensis) N. minor syn. N. pseudonarcissus (Lesser Wild Daffodil) N. moschatus syn. N. pseudonarcissus (White Daffodil) N. nevadensis Pugsley (moved to Nevadensis) N. obvallaris syn. N. pseudonarcissus (Tenby Daffodil) N. radinganorum Fern. Casas syn. N. pseudonarcissus Section Tapeinanthus (Herbert) TraubNarcissus cavanillesiiBarra & G.López Portugal, Spain, NW AfricaAdditional map
List of species (2025) The following species and nothospecies are currently accepted in the genus Narcissus:
Narcissus × abilioi Narcissus abscissus Narcissus × aedoi Narcissus × aguiarii Narcissus albicans Narcissus albimarginatus Narcissus alcaracensis Narcissus alcobacensis Narcissus × alejandrei Narcissus × alentejanus Narcissus × alleniae Narcissus × aloysii-villarii Narcissus × andorranus Narcissus × andujarensis Narcissus × aranensis Narcissus assoanus Narcissus atlanticus Narcissus × backhousei Narcissus × bakeri Narcissus bellirius Narcissus × bernardi Narcissus bertolonii Narcissus bicolor Narcissus × boutignyanus Narcissus × brevitubulosus Narcissus × briffae Narcissus broussonetii Narcissus bujei Narcissus bulbocodium Narcissus × buxtonii Narcissus calcicola Narcissus cantabricus Narcissus × caramulensis Narcissus × cardonae Narcissus × carringtonii Narcissus cavanillesii Narcissus × cazorlanus Narcissus × chevassutii Narcissus × cofinyalensis Narcissus × compressus Narcissus confusus Narcissus × consolationis Narcissus × corcyrensis Narcissus cordubensis Narcissus cuatrecasasii Narcissus cuneiflorus Narcissus cyclamineus Narcissus deficiens Narcissus × dezanus Narcissus dubius Narcissus × egabrensis Narcissus × esteban-infantesii Narcissus fernandesii Narcissus × fosteri Narcissus gaditanus Narcissus × galaicus Narcissus × galdoanus Narcissus gallaecicus Narcissus × gatensis Narcissus × georgemawii Narcissus gigas Narcissus grandae Narcissus × gredensis Narcissus × hannibalis Narcissus hedraeanthus Narcissus × hervasii Narcissus hesperidis Narcissus × hispalensis Narcissus hispanicus Narcissus × incomparabilis Narcissus jacetanus Narcissus jacquemoudii Narcissus jeanmonodii Narcissus jonquilla Narcissus × juanae Narcissus × kirchnerianus Narcissus × koshinomurae Narcissus leonensis Narcissus × libarensis Narcissus × litigiosus Narcissus macrolobus Narcissus × madronensis Narcissus × maginae Narcissus × magnenii Narcissus magniobesus Narcissus mantisalcus Narcissus × mariae-angelorum Narcissus × maroccanus Narcissus × martinoae Narcissus marvieri Narcissus matiasii Narcissus × medioluteus Narcissus × mikelii-lordae Narcissus minor Narcissus moleroi Narcissus × monochromus Narcissus moschatus Narcissus × munozii-alvarezii Narcissus munozii-garmendiae Narcissus × neocarpetanus Narcissus nevadensis Narcissus nobilis Narcissus × nutans Narcissus obesus Narcissus obsoletus Narcissus × odorus Narcissus × oiarbidei Narcissus × olivensis Narcissus pachybolbus Narcissus × palentinus Narcissus pallidiflorus Narcissus papyraceus Narcissus × parautensis Narcissus × perangustus Narcissus × perezlarae Narcissus peroccidentalis Narcissus × petri-mariae Narcissus × poculiformis Narcissus poeticus Narcissus × ponsii-sorollae Narcissus portensis Narcissus portomosensis Narcissus pseudonarcissus Narcissus × pugsleyi Narcissus × pujolii Narcissus × pyrenaicus Narcissus × rafaelii Narcissus ramirezii Narcissus × repulloi Narcissus × richardianus Narcissus × rogendorfii