The Legislature X of Italy () was the 10th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 2 July 1987 until 22 April 1992. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 14 and 15 June 1987. The election was called by President Cossiga on 28 April 1987, when he dissolved the Houses of Parliament.

History

Following the general election, Christian democrat Giovanni Goria, a protégé of DC party leader Ciriaco De Mita, became prime minister at the head of a renewed Pentapartito coalition. At that time Goria was the youngest Prime Minister of Italy since the birth of the republic. Despite the initial credit towards Goria's reformist agenda, he was soon forced to resign in April 1988 after the Parliament refused to pass the government budget. Subsequently, De Mita himself was appointed prime minister: his short time in office just witnessed the passage of a law in May 1988 that introduced a new benefit for salaried workers called "benefit for the family nucleus", with the amount varying depending on the number of family members and the family income of the previous year.European Observatory on Family Policies: National Family Policies in EC-Countries in 1990 by Wilfred Dumon in collaboration with Françoise Bartiaux, Tanja Nuelant, and experts from each of the member states

However, in Spring 1989 the so-called "pact of the camper" stipulated between the socialist leader Bettino Craxi and the Christian democratic leaders Arnaldo Forlani and Giulio Andreotti – secretly shared in a parking out of Ex Ansaldo factory in Milan, where the Congress of the Italian Socialist Party were taking place – provided a new path that would have started with the fall of the De Mita's government and the formation of a cabinet with a social democrat-led transition, culminating in another Craxi's government, while Andreotti or Forlani would have been elected President of Italy in the 1992 presidential election. As agreed, shortly after De Mita's government fell and on 22 July 1989 Andreotti was sworn in for the third time as prime minister. His government was characterized by a turbulent course: Andreotti decided to stay at the head of government, despite the abandonment of many social democratic ministers, after the approval of the norm on TV spots (favorable to private TV channels of Silvio Berlusconi).

In 1990 Andreotti revealed the existence of the Operation Gladio; Gladio was the codename for a clandestine North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) "stay-behind" operation in Italy during the Cold War. Its purpose was to prepare for, and implement, armed resistance in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion and conquest. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, "Operation Gladio" is used as an informal name for all of them.

During his premiership Andreotti clashed many times with President of the Republic Francesco Cossiga.

Government Prime MinisterParty Term of office GovernmentComposition Took office Left office Giovanni Goria Christian Democracy 28 July 1987 13 April 1988GoriaDC PSI PSDI PLI PRI Ciriaco De Mita Christian Democracy 13 April 1988 22 July 1989De MitaDC PSI PSDI PLI PRIGiulio AndreottiChristian Democracy 22 July 1989 12 April 1991Andreotti VIDC PSI PSDI PLI PRI 12 April 1991 28 June 1992Andreotti VIIDC PSI PSDI PLI

Composition

Chamber of Deputies President: Nilde Iotti (PCI), elected on 2 July 1987 Vice Presidents: Aldo Aniasi (PSI), Alfredo Biondi (PLI), Vito Lattanzio (DC, until 12 May 1988), Gerardo Bianco (DC, until 27 July 1990), Michele Zolla (DC, from 12 May 1988), Adolfo Sarti (DC, from 18 October 1990)

+Initial compositionFinal compositionParliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange Christian Democratic 234 Christian Democratic 234 Communist 157 Communist Group – PDS 149 8 Italian Socialist Party 94 Italian Socialist Party 100 6 MSI – National Right 34 MSI – National Right 33 1 Republican 21 Republican 20 1 Independent Left 20 Independent Left 19 1 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 17 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 12 5 Green 13 Green 16 3 European Federalist 12 European Federalist 8 4 Italian Liberal Party 11 Italian Liberal Party 11 Proletarian Democracy 8 DP – Communists 11 3 Mixed 8 Mixed 16 8Total seats 629Total seats 629

Senate President: Giovanni Spadolini (PRI), elected on 2 July 1987 Vice Presidents: Luciano Lama (PDS), Paolo Emilio Taviani (DC), Giorgio De Giuseppe (DC), Gino Scevarolli (PSI)

+Initial compositionFinal compositionParliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange Christian Democratic 127 Christian Democracy 129 2 Communist 85 Communist – PDS 74 11 Italian Socialist Party 45 Italian Socialist Party 45 Independent Left 17 Independent Left 15 2 Italian Social Movement – National Right 16 Italian Social Movement – National Right 15 1 Republican 9 Republican 9 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 7 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 5 2 European Federalist Ecologist 6 European Federalist Ecologist 6 Communist Refoundation 11 11 Mixed 12 Mixed 14 2 Italian Liberal Party3 Liberal3 South Tyrolean People's Party2 South Tyrolean People's Party2 Progressive Democratic Autonomists1 Progressive Democratic Autonomists1 Sardinian Action Party1 Sardinian Action Party1 Lega Lombarda1 Lega Lombarda – Lega Nord1 Green List1 1 Proletarian Democracy1 1 Federation of the Greens1 1 Housewives – Pensioners1 1 Non inscrits2 Non inscrits4 2Total seats 324Total seats 323 1

Senators for Life Senator Motivation Appointed by From TillCesare MerzagoraMerits in the social fieldPresident Antonio Segni1 May 1991 (deceased)Giuseppe SaragatFormer president of Italy ex officio11 June 1988 (deceased)Amintore FanfaniMerits in the social fieldPresident Giovanni LeoneGiovanni LeoneFormer president of Italy ex officioLeo ValianiMerits in the social fieldPresident Sandro PertiniCamilla RaveraMerits in the social fieldPresident Sandro Pertini14 April 1988 (deceased)Carlo BoMerits in the literary field President Sandro PertiniNorberto BobbioMerits in the social and scientific field President Sandro PertiniSandro PertiniFormer president of Italy ex officio24 February 1990 (deceased)Giovanni SpadoliniMerits in the social field President Francesco Cossiga2 May 1991Gianni AgnelliMerits in the social fieldPresident Francesco Cossiga1 June 1991Giulio AndreottiMerits in the social fieldPresident Francesco Cossiga1 June 1991Francesco De MartinoMerits in the social fieldPresident Francesco Cossiga1 June 1991Paolo Emilio TavianiMerits in the social fieldPresident Francesco Cossiga1 June 1991

References