Sharfstein or Scharfstein is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David S. Scharfstein (born 1960), American professor Joshua Sharfstein (born 1969), American physician and former principal deputy commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Steven Sharfstein (born 1942), American psychiatrist and past president of the American Psychiatric Association Zelig Sharfstein (1928–2008), American Chabad rabbi and Chief Rabbi of Vaad Ho'ir of Cincinnati Zevi Scharfstein (1884–1972), Hebrew-language educator, writer and entrepreneur