Woolson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abba Goold Woolson (1838–1921), American writer Albert Woolson (1850–1956), the last surviving member of the Union Army, which fought in the American Civil War Constance Fenimore Woolson (1840–1894), American novelist and short story writer John Simson Woolson (1840–1899), United States federal judge Woolson Morse (1858–1897), American composer of musical theatre