Basketball is a ball game and team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules. Basketball was invented by James Naismith in December of 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts. The game involves positions, fouls and basic rules/instructions to play. There is a limit of 6 fouls before you can no longer play as well as 3 before the other team gets free throws. The positions in Basketball are 1-5: PG (point guard), SG (shooting guard), SF (small forward), PF (power forward), and C (center). This game consists of teamwork and an overall focus on agility and good hand eye coordination. There are areas around the basketball court that are worth 2 and 3 points per basket. The objective is to score more points than the other team with the least mistakes and most communication/made shots.
Definition Exercise – bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health or wellness. Game – structured activity, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more concerned with the expression of ideas. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as professional sports). Ball game – game played with a ball. Sport – form of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants. Competitive sport – sport in which one or more participants or teams compete against one another. The one that is the most successful in achieving the objective of the game or sport event is the winner. Team sport – sport that involves players working together towards a shared objective. Recreational sport – sport engaged in as a leisure time activity. Spectator sport – sport that is characterized by the presence of spectators, or watchers, at its matches. Spectator sports are a form of entertainment. Professional sport – sport in which the athletes receive payment for their performance.
Equipment of the game Basketball – inflated ball used in the game of basketball. Basketballs typically range in size from very small promotional items possibly only a few inches in diameter to extra large balls nearly a foot in diameter used in training exercises to increase the skill of players. The standard size of a basketball for men's competitive play is 29.5 inches in circumference; for women's competitive play, the circumference is 28.5 inches. All competitions in the halfcourt game of 3x3, whether men's, women's, or mixed-sex, use a dedicated ball with the circumference of the women's ball but the weight of the men's ball. Rock – the ball Basketball court – the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor with baskets at either end. In professional or organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually made out of a hardwood, often maple, and highly polished. Backcourt – (1) The half of the court a team is defending. The opposite of the frontcourt. (2) A team's guards. Ball side – The half of the court (divided lengthwise) that the ball is on. Also called the "strong side." The opposite of the help side. Baseline – The line that marks the playing boundary at either end of the court. Also called the "end line." Block – The small painted square on the floor next to the basket just outside the lane. Downtown – Well outside the three-point line. Key – The free-throw lane and free-throw circle together (originally, the lane was narrower than the circle's diameter, giving the area the appearance of a skeleton key hole) Lane – The free-throw lane. Three-point line – the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point area; any shot converted beyond this line counts as three points (except in 3x3, where shots from beyond the arc are worth two points, and free throws and shots from inside the arc worth 1 point). The distance to the three-point line from the center of the basket varies by league: High school – NCAA women – International and NCAA men — to WNBA – to NBA – to Bench – (1) Substitutes sitting on the sideline, (2) The bench or chairs they sit on. Backboard – The rectangular platform to which the basket is attached, and measure 6 feet (182.9 cm) by 3.5 feet (106.7 cm). There is a backboard at each end of the court. Basket – steel rim 18 inches (45.7 cm) in diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard. There is a basket at each end of the court. Breakaway rim – hoop that can bend slightly when a player dunks a basketball, and then instantly snap back into its original shape when the player releases it. It allows players to dunk the ball without shattering the backboard, and it reduces the possibility of wrist injuries. Hoop – another name for "basket". Shot clock – A timer designed to increase the pace (and subsequently, the score) by requiring the ball to either touch the rim or enter the basket before the timer expires, resulting in a loss of possession. The time limit is 12 seconds in 3x3; 24 in FIBA (fullcourt), NBA, and WNBA; and 30 in NCAA men's and women's play. See also airball.
Clothing Basketball singlet top Finger sleeve – (not compulsory)an accessory that enhances the grip on the ball during a shot and prevents the ball from rolling or slipping to the top of the fingers.
Rules of the game
Rules of basketball Jump ball – method used to begin or resume play in basketball. Two opposing players attempt to gain control of the ball after it is tossed up into the air in between them by an official(umpire). Official – a person who has the responsibility to enforce the rules and maintain the order of the game. Also applies to the scorers and timekeepers, as well as other personnel who have an active role in maintaining the game. Three-point field goal – also known as a three-pointer, it is a field goal made from beyond the three-point line, a designated arc radiating from the basket. A successful attempt is worth three points, in contrast to the two points awarded for shots made inside the three-point line. Three seconds rule – when a player stays in the lane (see above) for three seconds or more. Penalties vary on offense or defense. free shot this occurs when a player is fouled allowing them to gain a chance to shoot 2 shots one after another.
Infractions
Fouls
Foul – Violation of the rules other than a floor violation, generally when a player attempts to gain advantage by physical contact. Penalized by a change in possession or free-throw opportunities. Block – A violation in which a defender steps in front of a dribbler but is still moving when they collide. Also called a "blocking foul." Charge – A violation in which one player makes illegal contact with another player who has an established position. Also called a "charging foul." Flagrant foul – An unsportsmanlike foul in which there is no serious attempt to play the ball. Personal foul – A breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent. It is the most common type of foul in basketball. Due to the nature of the game, personal fouls occur on occasion and are not always regarded as unsportsmanlike. However, a contact foul involving excessive or unjustified contact is classed as an unsportsmanlike foul (or in the NBA, flagrant foul). Offensive foul – A foul committed by a member of the team playing offense. Technical foul – A foul assessed for unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior and for some procedural violations (for example, having too many players on the floor or calling timeout when none remain). Penalized by loss of possession after a free throw which may be taken by any member of the opposing team. Frequently abbreviated as "technical" or "T." Unsportsmanlike conduct – Acting inappropriately or unprofessionally, such as fighting, verbal abuse, profanity, and flagrant fouls. An offender's team can be penalized by free throws being awarded to the other team followed by loss of possession, and upon repeated transgressions an offender can be ejected from the game.
Violations
Violation – infraction of the rules other than a foul, such as traveling or a three-second violation. 24-second violation – (NBAa, WNBA, FIBA) a shot-clock violation. Basket interference – violation involving any of the following:2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Rule 4, Section 5, Article 2. Retrieved July 27, 2010NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Rule 11, Section I, a, b, f, and h. Retrieved July 27, 2010 touching the ball or any part of the basket while the ball is on the rim of the basket or within the cylinder extending upwards from the rim reaching up through the basket from below and touching the ball, be it inside or outside the cylinder pulling down on the rim of the basket so that it contacts the ball before returning to its original position. Carrying – when a player momentarily stops dribbling, with the ball in one or both hands, and then resumes dribbling. Double dribble – Either of the following acts results in a loss of possession: To dribble the ball with two hands at the same time To dribble, stop, and then begin to dribble again Backcourt violation – Touching the ball in the backcourt after it has entered the frontcourt and was not last touched by the other team. Failure to bring the ball from the backcourt into the frontcourt within the allotted time of 8 seconds in the NBA (previously 10) and 10 seconds elsewhere. Note that in NCAA women's play, this violation did not exist until the 2013–14 season. Five-second rule – Also called the five-second violation, is a rule that helps promote continuous play. The situations in which a five-second violation may occur are: Five-second throw-in violation – a team attempting a throw-in has a total of five seconds to release the ball towards the court.NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Rule 10, Section III, (2). Retrieved July 30, 2010 Start of throw in count: When the basketball is at the disposal of the throw in team (usually bounced or handed to the throw in team by the official). Penalty = Loss of ball: A throw-in is awarded to the opponent at the previous throw in spot. Five-second closely guarded violation – When a player with the ball is guarded closely for five seconds. Penalty = Loss of ball: The opposing team gets to throw-in the ball from the out-of-bounds spot nearest the violation. Five-second back to the basket violation (NBA only) – Penalty = Loss of ball: The opponent is awarded the ball at the free throw line extended. Five-second free throw violation – Under FIBA rules, a free throw shooter must throw the ball towards the hoop within five seconds after an official places it at his disposal.FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) Rule 7, Section 43.2.3 Retrieved July 30, 2010 Penalty = Lose the shot and possible loss of ball: A successful shot does not count. The ball is awarded to the opponent at the free throw line unless another free throw or a possession penalty is to follow.FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) Rule 7, Section 43.3.1. Retrieved July 30, 2010 Goaltending – the violation of interfering with the ball when it is on its way to the basket and it is (a) in its downward flight, (b) entirely above the rim and has the possibility of entering the basket, and (c) not touching the rim. Rule 4, Section 22NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Rule 11, Section I, f. Retrieved July 26, 20102009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Rule 4, Section 34, Article 1, a,b. Retrieved July 26, 2010 Over-and-back – See backcourt violation (1)