Odontesthes is a genus of Neotropical silversides. They are found in fresh, brackish and salt water habitats in the southern half of South America (north to Brazil and Peru), as well as the offshore Juan Fernández and Falkland Islands. Additionally, O. bonariensis has been introduced to other continents.
The different Odontesthes species are generally quite similar in their appearance and some have been known to hybridize. Some are commercially important and the target of fisheries.
Species Several Odontesthes were formerly included in the genus Basilichthys instead. The currently recognized species of Odontesthes are:
Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) Odontesthes bicudo L. R. Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835) (Argentinian silverside) Odontesthes brevianalis (Günther, 1880) Odontesthes crossognathos Juliana M. Wingert, Juliano Ferrer, Mayara P. Neves, Dirceu Baumgartner and L. R. Malabarba, 2022.A New Species of Silverside of the Genus Odontesthes, 4 November 2022Juliana M. Wingert, Juliano Ferrer, Mayara P. Neves, Dirceu Baumgartner and Luiz R. Malabarba. 2022. A New Species of Silverside of the Genus Odontesthes (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) with Hypertrophic Lips from a High-Altitude Basin in Southern Brazil. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110(4):680-689. DOI: 10.1643/i2021136 Odontesthes gracilis (Steindachner, 1898) Odontesthes hatcheri (C. H. Eigenmann, 1909) Odontesthes humensis F. de Buen, 1953 Odontesthes incisa (Jenyns, 1841) Odontesthes ledae L. R. Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 Odontesthes mauleanum (Steindachner, 1896) Odontesthes mirinensis Bemvenuti, 1996 Odontesthes nigricans (J. Richardson, 1848) Odontesthes orientalis F. de Buen, 1950 Odontesthes perugiae Evermann & Kendall, 1906 Odontesthes piquava L. R. Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 Odontesthes platensis (C. Berg, 1895) Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821) (Chilean silverside) Odontesthes retropinnis (F. de Buen, 1953) Odontesthes smitti (Lahille, 1929) Odontesthes wiebrichi (C. H. Eigenmann, 1928) — validity uncertain Odontesthes yucuman Wingert, Ferrer & Malabarba, 2017
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