Guldberg is a Scandinavian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Cathinka Guldberg (1840–1919), Norwegian nurse Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836–1902), Norwegian mathematician and chemist Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg (1807–1881), Danish painter Julius Høegh-Guldberg (1779–1861), Danish officer and politician Christopher Julius Emil Høegh-Guldberg (1842–1907), Danish politician Mogens Guldberg (born 1963), Danish middle-distance runner Ove Guldberg (1918–2008), Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg (born Guldberg) (1731–1808), Danish statesman, historian and de facto Prime Minister of Denmark Ove Hoegh-Guldberg (biologist) (born 1959), Danish-Australian biologist Stig Guldberg (1916–1980), Danish founder of the Guldberg-Plan