Newland is a suburb of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the north-west of the city, a former village on the Hull to Beverley turnpike.
Before the mid-18th century Newland was a hamlet in a partially swampy agricultural area, located near the crossroads of Cottingham and Beverley-Hull turnpikes. Extensive enclosure and drainage took place after 1766, and it briefly developed as a preferred place for Hull merchants in the 19th century. The future parish church, St John's, was built in 1833, and in 1862 the ecclesiastical parish of Newland was established as separate from Cottingham in the East Riding. By the beginning of the 20th century the urban spread of Hull had reached Newland, and over the next half century the village was surrounded by housing and other developments.
The modern area of Newland includes and the former site of the Kingston upon Hull Municipal Training College (est. 1913), later the University of Humberside and now part of the neighbouring Hull University (est. 1925), as well as the Newland Park Estate, Newland Allotments and the Newland Avenue areas.
Other notable structures in the area include the former Endsleigh convent (orig. built 1876, expanded), and former Sailor's Orphan's Homes (1890s), and the modern Humberside Police headquarters (2012). The Newland area extends along Clough Road to the River Hull – east of the Cottingham Road–Beverley Road crossroads, where the area is in primarily industrial and commercial use. On the banks of the Hull is a chemical works of the Croda company.
Geography
The modern area of Newland is roughly equivalent to that set out as a parish in 1862 – it is centred on Cottingham Road, between its junctions with Beverley Road (A1079) and with Newland Avenue. Near the Beverley Road crossroads is the original parish church, St John's; and to the west are some houses dating from the 19th century village. West along Cottingham Road are the Newland Park Estate on the south side, and Hull University, including the buildings of the former Humberside University, on the north. Newland Avenue runs south of Cottingham Road west and approximately parallel to Beverley Road; from the crossroads eastward is Clough Road, now an industrial area.Sources: Ordnance Survey 2006 1:25000 OS OpenData 2016 also cross referenced with North Hull Estate, The Avenues, Hull, Orchard Park Estate, Stepney, Kingston upon Hull, and § History of Newland
To the west is further housing within Hull, centred around Bricknell Avenue; at the western edge to the North and Northwest is the North Hull Estate, and beyond that Cottingham and the Orchard Park Estate; to the south-west and south-east are the urban areas of The Avenues, Pearson Park, and Stepney. The Clough Road area is bounded to the east by the River Hull on the far bank of which is Stoneferry; to the south of the Clough Road area is the industrial area known as Sculcoates.
Newland Avenue is an important local shopping area, with 170 shops (2015).
The area (excluding Clough Road) is predominately a mixture of housing and educational buildings, with significant open spaces including playing fields, allotments, and the Northern Cemetery. In addition to the north–south and east–west main roads the Beverley and Barmston Drain also passes through the region, forming an approximate boundary between the housing use of the west and the industrial use along Clough Road. The NW-SW route of the now covered Cottingham Drain is still visible from the mapped or aerial geography, and forms a boundary between the University (excluding former Humberside polytechnic buildings) and The Quadrant area of the North Hull Estate. Newlands is low lying, under below sea level, and flat.
History
Early history to 1860
The Beverley-Hull road, which passed through Newland was turnpiked by an act of Parliament of 1744, the Kingston-upon-Hull and Beverley Road Act 1743 (17 Geo. 2. c. 25), with a toll bar established at Newland, at a place called Newland Bridge. In 1764 the act was extended in duration, with the road from Newland Bridge to Cottingham added to the trustees' responsibilities.
In around 1797 the area of Newlands (Newlands Tofts and Newland Fields) was described in The Gentleman's Magazine as "low and flat, but exceedingly rich pasture ground, producing plenty of milk and butter, which affords the best supply for Hull market"; in the same Newland was described as a "Neat little hamlet". Etherington House, a former farmhouse turned small manor house, is a private residence north of Newland and dates to the mid-18th century when built by wealthy local landowners and philanthropic Etherington family in the early part of the 18th century. The house itself is a traditional Georgian country house, front of the house notably had two complementary Georgian panelled flat windows however in refurbishments during the Edwardian era they had been replaced with bay panelled windows which line both the drawing room and library. The two rooms are connected by the main hallway which has the decorations of ornate dark oak wooden panelling and elaborate coffered ceiling. The house, standing in its own "well timbered and secluded gardens of about 1 acre of land" are well protected with high brick walls established trees and shrubs which include a tennis, croquet and bowls lawn. The gardens surrounding the house also include herbaceous borders and rose beds, small garden kitchens a traditional Victorian era greenhouse and vinary and two concrete air raid shelters. The house, which is listed under section 32 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1932 as of Historic or Architectural interest and is probably unique within the Hull City boundary.
An act of Parliament for the enclosure and drainage of Cottingham, the Cottingham Inclosure Act 1766 (6 Geo. 3. c. 78 ) was passed; the Beverley and Skidby Drain was enabled by the Beverley and Skidby Drainage Act 1785 (25 Geo. 3. c. 92); and the Beverley and Barmston Drain was built after the Beverley and Barmston Drainage Act 1798 (38 Geo. 3. c. lxiii). The Cottingham Drain improved the marshy land in the area. The Barmston, and the Skidby Drains were built primarily for areas beyond Newland. The Barmston Drain crossed Beverley Road east of the village running very approximately parallel with, and around west of, the River Hull.Ordnance Survey Sheet 226 1:10560 1852–3 At the point the drain passes under the Beverley Road "Bridge End Cottage" (1785) is still extant. The Skidby Drain ran roughly parallel to the Barnston Drain under east. Three houses on the south side of Cottingham Road are remnants of the village, dating to the late 1700s.
Hull merchants migrated to Newland in the early 19th century, building large houses. In 1832 a church was consecrated at Newland. The church, St John's (built 1833) is in the perpendicular style in yellow brick with ashlar dressings and a slate roof. The chancel, and west bay of the nave was added 1893; and the north aisle in 1902. The vicarage, to the east, dates to 1862, and is also in yellow brick and ashlar with a slate roof. Newland National school on Clough Road near the church was established 1865.
At the far extreme of the surrounding land, on the west bank of the River Hull, opposite Stoneferry, a water works was established in 1845, taking water from the river – the river water may have been responsible for a cholera outbreak in 1849, and after 1860 the works was supplied from the Springhead Pumping Station (see also Stoneferry §History).
In the mid-1850s the Newland area was almost completely rural and isolated from both Cottingham and Hull by enclosed fields. At Newland village the main roads met at a crossroads; the westward Cottingham branch of the Hull and Beverley Turnpike Trust (later Cottingham Road); the eastward Clough Road towards Stoneferry; and the north–south main road to Beverley from Hull of the Hull and Beverley Turnpike trust. Routes of some of the later important roads had also been established including the east-west Igglemire, and Endike lanes, north of the Cottingham Road; whilst the southward heading Near Salt Ings Lane, Far Salt Ings Lane and Tofts Lanes, which ran off the Cottingham Road correspond to the modern Kenilworth, Chanterlands North, and Newland Avenues. The land was drained, with the Beverley and Barmston Drain and Beverley and Skidby Drain passing east of the village, and the Cottingham Drain to the east. Newland village consisted of a number of large or largish dwellings with gardens, mainly along the south side of Cottingham Road, including Newland House, Newland Villa, and Newland Grove. At the crossroads was the church, and an inn, the Haworth Arms. To the north-east of the village, Green Lane (now Oak Road) ran from the Beverley turnpike to Clough Road, with the Skidby Drain adjacent west. Close to the Stoneferry waterworks was a large brick and tile works. Some clay extraction took place in Newland – with a pit to the north of the village, and a substantial brick and tile works nearer the River Hull.
Religious nonconformists were active in the Newland area from the earliest period of that movement's history. Joseph Wilson was licensed to preach in Newland and Hull in 1672, and meetings were held at John Marr's house in Newland, and, later (1709) Margaret Dent's house. A Wesleyan chapel, designed by William Botterill in a gothic style was opened on Cottingham Road in Newland in 1858 (enlarged 1867, 1873, later used by the Port of Hull Society, dem. 1896).
1860–1913 In 1862 the parish of Newland was established, separated from Cottingham, with the parish church being St John's. By this time Newland was considered a suburb of Hull. In 1871 the road through Newlands became un-tolled.
The Queen's Hotel (Queens Road) was built . The St John's Hotel, further east also dates to 1865.
The Newland Park Estate was established by William Botterill on the south side of Cottingham Road. It developed slowly as a high status middle class housing estate over the next half century. Several of the houses are in an Arts and Crafts style, with a variety of architectural styles found.
In 1885 the Hull and Barnsley Railway opened – its branch to the Alexandra Dock (now Hull Docks Branch) passed through the south of the parish, crossing Newland Avenue by a bridge.Ordnance Survey Sheet 226SW, 226SE 1888–90See Hull, Barnsley and West Riding Junction Railway and Dock Company.
Newland village had not grown substantially by the 1890s, but the urban spread of Hull had reached its southern side, the main development being an estate on the east side of Newland Avenue, between the Beverley Road, an area known as St John's Wood. Queens Road had been laid out, along part of the route of the Cottingham Drain, connecting the south end of Newland Avenue to Beverley Road. On the west side of Newland Avenue the only development was Sharp Street. A Wesleyan mission had been built (1886) on Willow Grove off Princes Street. Additionally another brick and tile works had been established between Igglemire Lane, and the Beverley and Barmston Drain, as well as one west of Newland Avenue, south of Sharp Street. The brick and tile works on the banks of the river was now known as Kingston Sanitary Pipe Works whilst an associated works nearby off Green Lane was a bottle works. Adjacent to the sanitary pipe works was a mill, "Hull Bank Mills".