Belarus competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fifth appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era. The Belarus Olympic Committee sent a total of 166 athletes to the Games, 90 men and 76 women, to compete in 20 sports.

Belarus left London with a total of 10 medals (2 gold, 5 silver, and 3 bronze), their lowest in Summer Olympic history. Most of these medals were awarded to athletes in sprint canoeing. Sergei Martynov, who won gold for the first time, became the most successful Belarusian shooter in history, with a total of three Olympic medals. Three Belarusian athletes set the nation's historical record to win Olympic medals for the first time in their sporting events, including swimmer Aliaksandra Herasimenia, who took two silver in women's freestyle events. Tennis players and Grand Slam titleholders Max Mirnyi and Victoria Azarenka, who also won the bronze in women's singles, became Belarus's first ever Olympic champions in the mixed doubles event, after beating Great Britain's Andy Murray and Laura Robson. For the first time in its history, Belarus, however, did not win an Olympic medal in athletics and wrestling.

Originally, Belarus had won three gold medals in the nation's total medal count. On 13 August 2012, the International Olympic Committee stripped shot putter Nadzeya Astapchuk of her gold medal after testing positive for the anabolic steroid metenolone, and the gold medal was subsequently awarded to silver medalist Valerie Adams from New Zealand.

Medalists Medals by sportSport TotalCanoeing0213Gymnastics0112Swimming0202Tennis1012Shooting1001Total 2 5 3 10

Medal Name Sport EventDate Sergei Martynov Shooting Men's 50 m rifle prone Max Mirnyi Victoria Azarenka Tennis Mixed doubles Aliaksandra Herasimenia Swimming Women's 100 m freestyle Aliaksandra Herasimenia Swimming Women's 50 m freestyle Andrei BahdanovichAliaksandr Bahdanovich Canoeing Men's C-2 1000 m Raman PiatrushenkaVadzim Makhneu Canoeing Men's K-2 200 m Maryna HancharovaAnastasia IvankovaNataliya LeshchykAliaksandra NarkevichKsenia SankovichAlina Tumilovich Gymnastics Women's rhythmic group all-around Victoria Azarenka Tennis Women's singles Volha KhudzenkaIryna PamialovaNadzeya PapokMaryna Pautaran Canoeing Women's K-4 500 m Liubov Charkashyna Gymnastics Women's rhythmic individual all-around

Delegation Belarus Olympic Committee selected a team of 166 athletes, 90 men and 76 women, to compete in 20 sports, surpassing the record by just a single athlete short in Atlanta. Men's football was the only team-based sport in which Belarus had its representation in these Olympic games. There was only a single competitor in archery, and in badminton. Athletics was the largest team by sport, with a total of 49 competitors.

The Belarusian team featured five Olympic champions from Beijing (hammer throwers Aksana Miankova, sprint canoeing brothers Andrei and Aliaksandr Bahdanovich, and sprint kayakers Raman Piatrushenka, and Vadzim Makhneu). Shooters Sergei Martynov and Kanstantsin Lukashyk, and single sculls rower Ekaterina Karsten, competed at their sixth Olympic games, although they first appeared as part of either the Soviet Union (Martynov in 1988) or the Unified Team (Karsten and Lukashyk in 1992). Table tennis player Vladimir Samsonov became the fourth Belarusian athlete to compete at fifth Olympics. Meanwhile, trap shooter Andrei Kavalenka, at age 57, was the oldest athlete of the team, while rhythmic gymnast Nataliya Leshchyk was the youngest at age 17.

Professional tennis player Max Mirnyi, who won nine Grand Slam titles (including two from the U.S. Open) in his career, and competed at his fourth Olympics, became Belarus' flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Karsten, who won a total of five Olympic medals, served as the nation's team captain.

| width=78% align=left valign=top | The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes: SportMenWomenTotalArchery 0 1 1Athletics 14 35 49Badminton 0 1 1Boxing 3 0 3Canoeing 7 5 12Cycling 3 6 9Diving 2 0 2Equestrian 1 1 2Fencing 3 0 3Football 18 0 18Gymnastics 2 9 11Judo 2 0 2Modern pentathlon 2 2 4Rowing 4 1 5Sailing 1 1 2Shooting 8 1 9Swimming 4 4 8Table tennis 1 2 3Tennis 2 1 3Weightlifting 4 4 8Wrestling 9 2 11 Total 90 76 166

Archery

AthleteEventRanking roundRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal / ScoreSeedOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankKatsiaryna Muliuk-TimofeyevaWomen's individual64433 (32)W 6–4 (1)L 2–6Did not advance

Athletics

Belarus sent a total of 49 track and field athletes to the London games, after having achieved the required qualifying standards in their respective events (up to a maximum of three athletes in each event at the "A" standard, and one at the "B" standard). Hammer thrower and two-time Olympic medalist Ivan Tsikhan, was initially selected to the team, but IAAF decided to withdraw him from the competition, as a re-test of his sample from Athens was positive. On August 13, International Olympic Committee decided the shot putter Nadzeya Astapchuk, the nation's only track and field medalist, to strip off her gold medal at the London games after she was tested positive for the anabolic steroid metenolone.

Men Track & road events AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinalResultRankResultRankResultRankAnis Ananenka800 m1:49.617Did not advanceMaksim Lynsha110 m hurdles13.473 Q13.457Did not advanceStsiapan RahautsouMarathoncolspan=4 2:23:2364Dzianis Simanovich20 km walkcolspan=4 1:20:4212Ivan Trotski20 km walkcolspan=4 1:21:231650 km walkcolspan=4 3:46:0914

Field events AthleteEventQualificationFinalDistancePositionDistancePositionAndrei ChurylaHigh jump—Did not advanceUladzimir KazlouJavelin throw80.0615Did not advancePavel KryvitskiHammer throw71.4928Did not advancePavel LyzhynShot put20.576 q20.698Andrei Mikhnevich19.8917Did not advanceDzmitry PlatnitskiTriple jump16.6212 q16.1912Valery SviatokhaHammer throw74.6912 q73.1311Stanislau TsivonchykPole vault5.2023Did not advance

Combined events – Decathlon AthleteEvent 100 m 400 m 1500 mFinalRankEduard MikhanResult10.746.9414.751.9348.4214.1544.424.4055.694:38.06792817Points919799774740889955755731673693

Women Track & road events AthleteEventHeatQuarterfinalSemifinalFinalResultRankResultRankResultRankResultRankMaryna Arzamasava800 m2:08.454colspan=2 Did not advanceYuliya Balykina100 mcolspan=2 11.707Did not advanceHanna Drabenia20 km walkcolspan=6 1:31:5825Volha DubouskayaMarathoncolspan=6 2:39:1278Natallia Kareiva1500 m4:06.873 Qcolspan=2 4:02.376 q4:11.587Sviatlana KouhanMarathoncolspan=6 2:30:2634Sviatlana Kudzelich3000 m steeplechase9:54.7714colspan=4 Did not advanceKatsiaryna Paplauskaya100 m hurdlescolspan=2 Did not advanceNastassia StaravoitavaMarathoncolspan=6 2:30:2533Alina Talai100 m hurdles12.711 Qcolspan=2 12.844Did not advanceSviatlana Usovich400 m52.405colspan=2 Did not advanceNastassia Yatsevich20 km walkcolspan=6 1:35:4148Volha AstashkaYuliya BalykinaKatsiaryna HancharHanna LiapeshkaAlena NeumiarzhitskayaKatsiaryna ShumakAlina Talai4 × 100 m relay43.907colspan=4 Did not advanceIryna KhliustavaAlena KiyevichHanna TashpulatavaIlona UsovichSviatlana UsovichYulyana Yushchanka4 × 400 m relay3:26.525colspan=4 Did not advance

Field events AthleteEventQualificationFinalDistancePositionDistancePositionNadzeya AstapchukShot put20.761 Q21.36*Yanina Karolchyk-Pravalinskaya17.8718Did not advanceAlena MatoshkaHammer throw67.0330Did not advanceAksana Miankova73.108 Q74.407Natallia MikhnevichShot put18.6010 q18.4211Nastassia Mironchyk-IvanovaLong jump6.666 q6.727Maryna NovikJavelin throw54.3133Did not advanceKseniya Pryiemka-DziatsukTriple jump—Did not advanceVeronika ShutkovaLong jump6.4012 q6.5410Anastasiya ShvedovaPole vault4.4017Did not advanceSviatlana SiarovaDiscus throw56.7033Did not advanceVolha SudaravaLong jump6.3814Did not advance * Initially awarded gold in the shot put, Astapchuk was disqualified, and stripped of her medal, following positive drugs tests during the Games.

Combined events – Heptathlon AthleteEvent 200 m 800 mFinalRankYana MaksimavaResult13.971.8914.0925.435.9942.332:13.37619817Points9831093800848846712916

Badminton

AthleteEventGroup StageRound of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalFinal / OppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankAlesia ZaitsavaWomen's singlesL 7–21, 19–21L 10–21, 21–16, 14–213Did not advance

Boxing

Men AthleteEventRound of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinalOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultRankVazgen SafaryantsLightweightL 13–13+Did not advanceMikhail DauhaliavetsLight heavyweightL 10–18Did not advanceSiarhei KarneyeuHeavyweightW 21–12L 19–19+Did not advance

Canoeing

Sprint Belarus has so far qualified boats for the following events

Men AthleteEventHeatsSemifinalsFinalTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankDzianis HarazhaC-1 200 m41.2902 Q41.4272 FA43.5455Aleh YureniaK-1 1000 m3:36.0123 Q3:29.8252 FA3:32.3966Aliaksandr ZhukovskiC-1 1000 m4:06.1903 Q3:54.0024 FA3:51.1667Aliaksandr BahdanovichAndrei BahdanovichC-2 1000 m3:42.5993 Q3:36.5402 FA3:35.206Vadzim MakhneuRaman PiatrushenkaK-2 200 m33.1291 Q32.6411 FA34.266

Women AthleteEventHeatsSemifinalsFinalTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankMarharyta TsishkevichK-1 200 m43.8415 Q43.0338Did not advanceK-1 500 m2:01.2166 QDid not advanceVolha KhudzenkaMaryna PautaranK-2 500 m1:44.5684 Q1:43.1525 FB1:44.4079Volha KhudzenkaIryna PamialovaNadzeya PapokMaryna PautaranK-4 500 m1:33.6763 Q1:30.8832 FA1:31.400 Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)

Cycling

Road Men AthleteEventTimeRankYauheni HutarovichMen's road race5:46:3753Vasil KiryienkaMen's road raceDid not finishMen's time trial54:30.2912Branislau SamoilauMen's road raceDid not finishAlena AmialiusikWomen's road race3:35:3615

Track Sprint AthleteEventQualificationRound 1Repechage 1Round 2Repechage 2QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinalTimeSpeed (km/h)RankOppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)OppositionTimeSpeed (km/h)RankOlga PanarinaWomen's sprint11.08064.9815W 11.60862.026LW 11.44362.920LDid not advance5th place finalL8

Pursuit AthleteEventQualificationSemifinalsFinalTimeRankOpponentResultsRankOpponentResultsRankAlena DylkoAksana PapkoTatsiana SharakovaWomen's team pursuit3:22.8508 Q3:21.94283:20.2457 * Maryia Lohvinava was reserve for the women's team pursuit but did not compete.

Keirin AthleteEvent1st RoundRepechage2nd RoundFinalRankRankRankRankOlga PanarinaWomen's keirin6 R5Did not advance15

Omnium AthleteEventFlying lapPoints raceElimination raceIndividual pursuitScratch raceTime trialTotal pointsRankTimeRankPointsRankRankTimeRankRankTimeRankTatsiana SharakovaWomen's omnium14.70112282153:38.30151236.74813599

Diving

Belarus has qualified in the following events.

Men AthleteEventPreliminariesSemifinalsFinalPointsRankPointsRankPointsRankTimofei Hordeichik10 m platform350.0531Did not advanceVadim Kaptur420.6021Did not advance

Equestrian

Eventing AthleteHorseEventDressageCross-countryJumpingTotalQualifierFinalPenaltiesRankPenaltiesTotalRankPenaltiesTotalRankPenaltiesTotalRankPenaltiesRankAliaksandr FaminouPasiansIndividual63.786852.80116.505734.00150.5052Did not advance150.5052Alena TseliapushkinaPassat69.1070EliminatedDid not advance

Fencing

Belarus has qualified 3 fencers.

Men