Cattleya

Cattleya ()Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is a genus of orchids from Costa Rica south to Argentina. The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.

Description Epiphytic or terrestrial orchids with cylindrical rhizome from which the fleshy noodle-like roots grow. Pseudobulbs can be conical, spindle-shaped or cylindrical; with upright growth; one or two leaves growing from the top of them. The leaves can be oblong, lanceolate or elliptical, somewhat fleshy, with smooth margin. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme with few or several flowers. Flowers have sepals and petals free from each other; the lip or labellum (lowermost petal), usually has a different coloration and shape from the rest of the flower and covers in part the flower column forming a tube. There are four pollinia (bag-like organs that contain pollen). The fruit is a capsule with many small seeds.Schweinfurth, C., "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru", Fieldiana, Botany 30(3): 535

Taxonomy The genus was named in 1824 by John Lindley after horticulturalist William Cattley. Cattley obtained a specimen of then unnamed Cattleya labiata from William Swainson who had discovered the new plant in Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1817. The plant successfully bloomed under the care of Cattley and it became the type specimen from which Lindley described C. labiata.

Currently accepted species and subgeneric division within genus Cattleya are: Subgenus Cattleya Section Cattleya Section Crispae Series Cattleyodes Series Hadrolaelia Series Microlaelia Series Parviflorae Series Sophronitis Section Lawrenceanae Subgenus Cattleyella Subgenus Intermediae Subgenus Maximae

Subgenus Cattleya

Section Cattleya Image Name Distribution Elevation (m)C. dowiana Costa Rica, Panama, to Colombia 250 – 1200 meters C. gaskelliana Colombia to Trinidad 700 – 1000 meters C. iricolor Ecuador to Peru 400 – 1220 meters C. jenmanii Venezuela to Guyana 300 – 600 meters C. labiata Brazil 600 – 900 meters C. luteola N. Brazil, Ecuador to Bolivia 100 – 1200 meters C. mendelii NE. Colombia 1300 – 1800 meters C. mooreana Peru around 990 meters C. mossiae N. Venezuela 900 – 1500 meters C. percivaliana Colombia to W. Venezuela 1300 – 2000 meters C. quadricolor Colombia 600 – 1500 metersC. rex Peru to N Bolivia around 1350 meters C. schroederae NE. Colombia . C. trianae Colombia around 1200 meters C. warneri E. Brazil 400 – 900 meters C. warscewiczii Colombia 500 – 1700 meters

Section Crispae

Series Cattleyodes Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. crispa SE. Brazil 800 – 1500 meters C. grandis Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo . C. lobata SE. Brazil. C. perrinii SE. Brazil 700 – 900 meters C. purpurata SE. & S. Brazil C. tenebrosa Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo . C. virens SE. Brazil 1000 – 1500 meters C. xanthina Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo .

Series Hadrolaelia Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. alaoriiBrazil - Bahia200 – 600 meters C. bicalhoiBrazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro 500 – 2000 meters C. jongheanaBrazil - Minas Gerais1300 – 1600 meters C. praestansSE. Brazil300 – 500 meters C. pumilaSE. & S. Brazil 600 – 1300 meters C. sincoranaBrazil - Bahia1100 – 1500 meters

Series Microlaelia Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. lundii Bolivia to Argentina 740 – 1000 meters

Series Parviflorae Image Name Distribution Elevation (m)C. alvarenguensis Brazil - Minas Geraisaround 800 meters C. alvaroana Brazil - Rio de Janeiro C. angereri Brazil - Minas Gerais 1000–1300 meters C. blumenscheinii Brazil - Minas Gerais around 1200 meters C. bradei Brazil - Minas Gerais 1100 – 1400 meters C. briegeri Brazil - Minas Gerais around 1370 meter C. campaccii Brazil C. caulescens Brazil - Minas Gerais 600 – 1200 meters C. cinnabarina Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro 800 – 1500 meters C. colnagoi Brazil - Minas Gerais C. conceicionensis Brazil - Minas Gerais 800 – 1200 meters C. crispata Brazil - Minas Gerais 400 – 1200 meters C. endsfeldzii Brazil - Minas Gerais 900 meters C. esalqueana Brazil - Minas Gerais 1100 – 1300 meters C. flavasulina Brazil - Minas Gerais900 – 1440 meters C. fournieri Brazil - Minas Gerais1100 – 1800 meters C. ghillanyi Brazil - Minas Gerais C. gloedeniana Brazil - São Pauloaround 1600 metersC. gracilis Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó C. guanhanensisBrazil - Minas Gerais around 1100 meters C. harpophylla Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo 500 – 900 meters C. hataeBrazil - Minas Gerais 1000 – 1100 meters C. hegerianaBrazil - Rio de Janeiro 1000 – 1200 meters C. hispidula Brazil - Minas Gerais around 1200 meters C. hoehnei Brazil - Espírito Santoaround 800 meters C. itambana Brazil - Minas Gerais 1500 to 2200 meters C. kautskyana Brazil - Espírito Santo 600 – 1000 metersC. kettieana Brazil - Minas Gerais1500 – 2000 meters C. kleberiBrazil - Minas Gerais around 1100 meters C. liliputana Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco 1200 – 1400 meters C. locatelliiBrazil - Minas Gerais C. longipes SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó 1300 – 2000 meters C. luetzelburgii Brazil - Bahia 1100 – 1700 meters. C. macrobulbosaBrazil - Espírito Santo around 1600 meters C. marcaliana Brazil - Bahia 200 – 300 meters C. milleri Brazil - Minas Gerais 800 – 1300 meters C. mirandae Brazil - Minas Gerais around 1300 meters C. munchowiana Brazil - Espírito Santo 1100 – 1300 meters C. neokautskyi SE. Brazil 600 – 1000 meters. C. pabstii Brazil - Minas Gerais 1200 metersC. pendula Brazil - Minas Gerais C. pfisteri Brazil - Bahia around 1300 meters C. presidentensis Brazil - Minas Gerais 1000 – 1300 meters C. reginae Brazil - Minas Gerais 1200 – 2000 meters C. rupestrisBrazil - Minas Gerais C. sanguiloba Brazil – Bahia C. tereticaulisBrazil - Minas Gerais C. vandenbergiiBrazil - Minas Gerais C. vasconcelosianaBrazil - Minas Gerais around 1100 metersC. verboonenii Brazil - Rio de Janeiro C. viridifloraBrazil - Minas Gerais

Series Sophronitis Image Name Distribution Elevation (m)C. acuensis Brazil - Rio de Janeiro1800 – 2100 metersC. alagoensis Brazil - Alagoas 300 – 500 metersC. brevipedunculata Brazil - Minas Gerais1220 – 2000 metersC. cernua Brazil to NE. Argentina 2 – 100 metersC. coccinea Brazil to NE. Argentina 650 – 1670 metersC. dichroma Brazil - Rio de Janeiro 1200 – 1525 metersC. mantiqueirae SE. Brazil1200 – 1890 meters C. pygmaea Brazil - Espírito Santo915 – 1067 metersC. wittigiana Brazil - Espírito Santo 700 – 2000 meters

Section Lawrenceanae Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. lawrenceana Venezuela, Guyana, N. Brazil250 – 2400 meters C. lueddemanniana N. Venezuela0 – 500 meters C. wallisii N. Brazil

Subgenus Cattleyella

Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. araguaiensis Brazil 395 – 610 meters

Subgenus Intermediae Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. aclandiae Brazil 100 – 400 meters C. amethystoglossa Brazilaround 600 meters C. bicolor SE. Brazil C. dormaniana Brazil 600 – 100 meters C. elongata Brazil 900 – 1500 meters C. forbesii Brazil around 200 meters C. granulosa Brazil 600 – 900 meters C. guttata Brazil . C. harrisoniana SE. Brazil C. intermedia SE. & S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay C. kerrii Brazil C. loddigesii SE. Brazil to NE. Argentina . C. nobilior WC. Brazil to Bolivia 170 – 700 meters C. porphyroglossa Brazil . C. schilleriana Brazil 0 – 800 meters. C. schofieldiana Brazil around 900 meters C. tenuis NE. Brazil 1000 – 1200 meters. C. tigrina SE. & S. Brazil 0 – 100 meters. C. velutina Brazil C. violacea lowland Amazon rainforest & Guyana 200 – 700 meters C. walkeriana WC. & SE. Brazil 0 – 2000 meters.

Subgenus Maximae

Image Name Distribution Elevation (m) C. maxima S Ecuador to N Peru 10 – 1500 meters

Natural hybrids Currently accepted natural hybrids are: Cattleya × adrienne (= Cattleya pumila × Cattleya jongheana) (Brazil) Cattleya × albanensis Cattleya × amanda Cattleya × binotii (= ) (Brazil) Cattleya × brasiliensis (= C. bicolor × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil) Cattleya × braunae Cattleya × britoi (= C. crispata x C. mirandae) (Brazil - Minas Gerais) Cattleya × brymeriana (= C. violacea × C. wallisii) (N. Brazil). Cattleya × calimaniana (Brazil) Cattleya × calimaniorum (NE Brazil) Cattleya × carassana (Brazil) Cattleya × cattleyioides (Brazil) Cattleya × cipoensis (Brazil) Cattleya × colnagiana (Brazil). Cattleya × cristinae (Brazil). Cattleya × cypheri Cattleya × dasilvae Cattleya × dayana (= C. forbesii × C. guttata) (Brazil). Cattleya × deckeri Cattleya × delicata Cattleya × diamantinensis (= C. pfisteri × C. sincorana) (Brazil). Cattleya × dolosa (= C. loddigesii × C. walkeriana) (Brazil). Cattleya × dukeana (= C. bicolor × C. guttata) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × duveenii (= C. guttata × C. harrisoniana) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × elegans Cattleya × ericoi Cattleya × feldmanniana Cattleya × fidelensis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro). Cattleya × frankeana Cattleya × gaezeriana Cattleya × gerhard-santosii Cattleya × gottoana Cattleya × gransabanensis (= C. jenmanii × C. lawrenceana) (Venezuela). Cattleya × gravesiana (= C. lueddemanniana × C. mossiae) (Venezuela). Cattleya × hardyana (= C. dowiana var.aurea × C. warscewiczii) (Colombia). Cattleya × heitoriana Cattleya × hummeliana Cattleya × hybrida (= C. guttata × C. loddigesii) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × imperator (= C. granulata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil). Cattleya × intricata (= C. intermedia × C. leopoldii) (S. Brazil). Cattleya × irrorata Cattleya × isaacii Cattleya × isabella (= C. forbesii × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × itabapoanaensis Cattleya × jetibaensis Cattleya × joaquiniana (= C. bicolor × C. walkeriana) (Brazil) . Cattleya × kautskyi (= C. harrisoniana × C. warneri) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × kerchoveana Cattleya × labendziana Cattleya × lambari Cattleya × lilacina Cattleya × lucieniana (= C. forbesii × C. granulosa) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × macguiganii Cattleya × measuresii (= C. aclandiae × C. walkeriana) (E. Brazil). Cattleya × mesquitae (= C. nobilior × C. walkeriana) (Brazil). Cattleya × mingaensis Cattleya × mixta (= C. guttata × C. schofieldiana) (Brazil). Cattleya × moduloi (C. schofieldiana × C. warneri) (Brazil). Cattleya × mucugensis Cattleya × neocalimaniana Cattleya × neocalimaniorum Cattleya × neoreginae Cattleya × nesyana Cattleya × occhioniana Cattleya × odiloniana Cattleya × patrocinii (= C. guttata × C. warneriana) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × picturata (= C. guttata × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil). Cattleya × pittiana Cattleya × porphyritis Cattleya × porphyrophlebia Cattleya × raganii Cattleya × resplendens (= C. granulosa × C. schilleriana) (NE. Brazil) Cattleya × rigbyana Cattleya × ruschii Cattleya × sancheziana Cattleya × schroederiana Cattleya × schunkiana Cattleya × schunkii Cattleya × scita (= C. intermedia × C. tigrina) (S. Brazil). Cattleya × sgarbii Cattleya × sororia Cattleya × tenuata (= C. elongata × C. tenuis) (Brazil) . Cattleya × varelae Cattleya × venosa (= C. forbesii × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil). Cattleya × verelii Cattleya × victoria-regina ( C. guttata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil). Cattleya × victoriacarolinae Cattleya × wetmorei Cattleya × whitei Cattleya × wilsoniana (= C. bicolor × C. intermedia). (Brazil). Cattleya × wyattiana (= C. crispa × C. lobata). (Brazil). Cattleya × zaslawskii (= C. harpophylla × C. praestans). (Brazil). Cattleya × zayrae (= C. amethystoglossa × C. elongata). (Bahia, Brazil)

Nothogenera

Hybrids of Cattleya and other genera are placed in the following nothogenera: × Brassocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya × Brassolaeliocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya × Laelia × Cattleytonia = Cattleya × Broughtonia × Laeliocattleya = Cattleya × Laelia × Rhyncholaeliocattleya = Rhyncholaelia × Cattleya

Cultivation

Light Cattleyas need light, but not direct sunlight; in case of intense sunlight, shade must be provided. Temperature Day temperatures must be between 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) and night temperatures not lower than 10–12 °C (50–53.6 °F). Humidity