This is a list of kings of Iran of the medieval Islamic period, AD 820 to 1432, arranged genealogically.
For the early Islamic period before 820, see: Umayyad dynasty, 661–750 Abbasid dynasty, 750–1258 (brief/nominal ruling since 820)
For the period after 1506, see: Timurid dynasty, 1370–1506 Turkomans: Qara Qoyunlu (1375–1468) and Ak Koyunlu (1378–1508) Safavid dynasty, 1502–1736 Afsharid dynasty, 1736–1796 Zand dynasty, 1750–1794 Qajar dynasty, 1794–1925 Pahlavi dynasty, 1925–1979
See also Monarchism in Iran.
Tahirid dynasty (820–872)
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteTahirid dynasty,Tahirids were among the first Persian Iranian dynasties after the Arab conquest. 821–872 1 Taher I Emir, Governor-General ?–822 821 822 son of Hoseyn son of Mos'ab 2 Talheh Governor-General ?–828 822 828 son of Taher I 3 Abdollah Governor-General 798–844 828 844 4 Taher II Governor-General ?–862 844 862 5 Mohammad Governor-General ?–890 862 872
Alavid dynasty (864–928)
Hasanids
The Samanids captured Tabaristan, and the Alavids fled to Gilan in exile, 900–913.
Husaynids
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteSaffarid dynasty, 861–1002 1 Ya'qub Emir, Great Founder 840–879 872 879 son of Leyth 2 Amr I Emir ?–901 870 901 brother of Ya'qub 3 Tahir I Emir 883–908 901 908 4 Al-Layth Emir ?–928 908 910 5 Mohammad Emir ?–? 910 911 6 Ahmad Emir, Governor-General 906–963 923 963 7 Khalaf I Emir 937–1009 963 1002
Samanid dynasty (819–999)
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteSamanid dynasty, 819–1005 1 Ahmad I ?–864/5 819 864/5 2 Nasr I ?–892 864/5 892 3 Isma'il I Adel ?–907 892 907 4 Ahmad II Shaheed ?–914 907 914 5 Nasr II Saeed ?–943 914 942 6 Nuh I Hamid ?–954 942 954 7 'Abd al-Malik I Rashid ?–? 954 961 8 Mansur I Mo'ayyed ?–976 961 976 9 Nuh II Radhi ? –997 976 996 10 Mansur II Abol Hareth ?–999 996 999 11 'Abd al-Malik II Abol Favares ?–? 999 999 12 Isma'il II Montaser ?–1005 1000 1005
Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043)
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteZiyarid dynasty, 928–1043 AD 1 Mardavij Abolhajjaj, Emir ?–934 928 934 son of Ziyar He was a Zoroastrian. 2 Voshmgir Abutaher ?–967 934 967 son of Ziyar 3 Bisotoon Zahir od-Dowleh ?–976 967– 976 son of Voshmgir 4 Qabus Shams ol-Ma'ali, Abolhasan 976 1012 son of Voshmgir 5 Manuchehr Falak ol-Ma'ali 1012 1031 son of Qabus 6 Anushiravan Sharaf ol-Ma'ali 1031 1043 son of Manuchehr 7 Keykavous Onsor ol-Ma'ali son of Eskandar son of Qabus 8 Gilanshah son of Keykavous
Buyid dynasty (934–1062)
Throne NameOriginal NamePortraitTitleBorn-DiedEntered officeLeft officeFamily RelationsNoteBuyids of Fars (933–1062) Imad al-Dawla Abu'l-Hasan Ali Emir, Amir al-umara 891 – 949 934 949 Son of Buya Also Senior Buyid Emir (934-949) Adud al-Dawla Fanna Khusraw Emir, Shahanshah 936–983 949 983 Son of Rukn al-Dawla and nephew of Imad al-Dawla Senior Buyid Emir (976-983) and Emir of Iraq (978-983) Sharaf al-Dawla Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil Emir, Amir al-umara 962–989 983 989 Son of Adud al-Dawla Also Senior Buyid Emir and Emir of Iraq (987-989) Samsam al-Dawla Abu Kalijar Marzuban Emir, King 964–998 989 998 son of Adud al-Dawla Also Emir of Iraq and self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986) Baha' al-Dawla Abu Nasr Firuz Emir, King, Shahanshah 971–1012 998 1012 Son of Adud al-Dawla Also Emir of Iraq (988-1012) and Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012) Sultan al-Dawla Abu Shuja Emir 992–1024 1012 1024 Son of Baha' al-Dawla Also Emir of Iraq and Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021) Abu Kalijar Marzuban Emir, Shahanshah ?1011 – 1048 1024 1048 Son of Sultan al-Dawla Also Emir of Kerman (1028-1048), Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048) and Emir of Iraq (1044-1048) Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun Emir ?–1062 1048 1054 Son of Abu Kalijar Lost Fars to Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah Emir ?–? 1051 1054 Son of Abu Kalijar Lost Fars to Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun Emir ?–1062 1054 1062 Son of Abu Kalijar Killed by the Shabankara tribal chief FadluyaBuyids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamadan (935–1038) Rukn al-Dawla Abu Ali Hasan Emir, Amir al-umara 898–976 935 976 Son of Buya Also Senior Buyid Emir (949-976) Fakhr al-Dawla (First reign) Abu'l-Hasan Ali Emir 952–997 976 980 Son of Rukn al-Dawla Mu'ayyad al-Dawla Abu Mansur Emir 941–983 976 983 Son of Rukn al-Dawla Also Emir of Hamadan (976–983), Jibal (977–983), Tabaristan (980–983), and Gorgan (981–983) Fakhr al-Dawla (Second reign) Abu'l-Hasan Ali Emir, King, Shahanshah 983–997 976 997 Son of Rukn al-Dawla Also Emir of Hamadan & Tabaristan (984-997) and Senior Buyid Emir (991-997) Majd al-Dawla Abu Taleb Rostam Emir 993–1029 997 1029 Son of Fakhr al-Dawla Only in Rey, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir Shams al-Dawla Abu Taher Emir ?–1021 997 1021 Son of Fakhr al-Dawla Only in Isfahan and Hamaedan, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir Sama' al-Dawla Abu'l-Hasan Ali Emir ?–1023 1021 1023 Son of Shams al-Dawla Only in Hamadan, Deposed by KakuyidsBuyids of Iraq and Khuzistan (945–1055) Mu'izz al-Dawla Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad Emir, Amir al-umara 915–966 945 966 Son of Buya Izz al-Dawla Abu Mansur Bakhtiyar Emir, Amir al-umara 943–979 966 979 Son of Mu'izz al-Dawla Self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (976-978) Adud al-Dawla Fanna Khusraw Emir, Shahanshah 937–983 977 983 Son of Rukn al-Dawla Also Emir of Fars (949-983) and Senior Buyid Emir (976-983) Samsam al-Dawla Abu Kalijar Marzban Emir, King 964–998 983 987 Son of Adud al-Dawla Also self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986) and Emir of Fars & Kerman (989-998) Sharaf al-Dawla Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil Emir, Amir al-umara 962–989 987 989 Son of Adud al-Dawla Also Emir of Fars (983-989) and Senior Buyid Emir (987-989) Baha' al-Dawla Abu Nasr Firuz Emir 970–1012 989 1012 Son of Adud al-Dawla Also Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012) and Emir of Fars (999-1012) Sultan al-Dawla Abu Shuja Emir 992–1024 1012 1021 Son of Baha' al-Dawla Also Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021) and Emir of Fars (1012-1024) Musharrif al-Dawla Abu 'Ali Emir, Shahanshah, King 1002–1025 1021 1025 Son of Baha' al-Dawla Closest thing to Senior Buyid Emir (1024-1025) Jalal al-Dawla Abu Tahir Jalal al-Dawla Emir 994–1043 1027 1043 Son of Baha' al-Dawla Abu Kalijar Marzuban Emir, Shahanshah ?1011 – 1048 1043 1048 Son of Sultan al-Dawla Also Emir of Fars (1024-1048), Emir of Kerman (1028-1048) and Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048) Al-Malik al-Rahim Abu Nasr Khusrau Firuz Emir ?–1058 1048 1055 Son of Abu Kalijar Also Senior Buyid Emir (1051-1055). Deposed by Tughril of the Seljuqs
Ghaznavids (963–1187)
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteGhaznavid dynasty, 955–1186 AD 1 Alptigin Emir 880–963 955 963 2 Eshaq Emir ?–966 963 966 son of Alptigin 3 Belkatigin Emir ?–972 966 972 4 Piritigin Emir ?–976 972 976 Killed 5 Sabuktigin Naser od-Din, Abumansur, Emir 942–997 976 997 son of Juq Qarabajkam 6 Esma'il Emir ?–? 997 998 son of Sabuktigin Abdicated 7 Mahmud Yameen od-Dowleh, Abolqasem, Soltan 971–1030 998 1030 son of Sabuktigin 8 Mohammad I Jalal od-Dowleh, Abuahmad, Soltan 997–1040 1030 1030 son of Mahmud Deposed by Mas'ud I 9 Mas'ud I Shahab od-Dowleh, Abusa'd, Soltan 997–1040 1030 1040 son of Mahmud 8 Mohammad I Jalal od-Dowleh, Abuahmad, Soltan 997–1040 1040 1040 son of Mahmud Killed by Mowdud 10 Mowdud Shahab od-Dowleh, Abolfath, Soltan 1011–1049 1040 1049 son of Mas'ud I 11 Mas'ud II Soltan ?–? 1049 1049 ? 12 Ali Baha' od-Dowleh, Abolhasan, Soltan ?–? 1049 1049 son of Mas'ud I 13 Mohammad II Soltan ?–? 1049 1049 son of Mowdud 14 Abd or-Rashid Ezz od-Dowleh, Abumansur, Soltan 1022–1052 1049 1052 son of Mahmud 15 Toghrel Soltan ?–1052 1052 1052 Usurper. Killed 16 Farrokhzad Jamal od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Soltan 1026–1059 1052 1059 son of Mas'ud I 17 Ebrahim Zaheer od-Dowleh, Abolmozaffar, Soltan 1026 or 1040–1098 1059 1098 son of Mas'ud I 18 Mas'ud III Ala' od-Dowleh, Abusa'id, Soltan 1061–1114 1098 1114 son of Ebrahim 19 Shirzad Kamal od-Dowleh, Soltan ?–? 1114 1115 son of Mas'ud III 20 Arsalan Shah Soltan od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Soltan 1083–1117/8 1115 1117/8 son of Mas'ud III 21 Baharm Shah Yameen od-Dowleh, Abolmozaffar, Soltan ?–1152 1117/8 1152 son of Mas'ud III 22 Khosrow Shah Taj od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Soltan ?–1160 1152 1160 son of Baharm Shah 23 Khosrow Malek Saraj od-Dowleh, Abolmolook, Soltan ?–1193 1160 1186 son of Khosrow Shah
Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225) Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteNasrid dynasty (Sistan), 1029-1225 1 Tadj al-Din I Abu l-Fadl Nasr Malik 1029 1073 Malik of Sistan under the Ghaznavids 2 Baha al-Dawala Tahir ibn Nasr Malik 1073 1088 son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr 3 Badr al-Dawala Abu ‘l-‘Abbas ibn Nasr Malik 1088 1090 son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr 4 Baha al-Dawala Khalaf ibn Nasr Malik 1090 1106 son of Tadj al-Din I Nasr 5 Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn Khalaf Malik 1106 1164 son of Baha al-Dawala Khalaf 6 Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn Khalaf Malik 1164 1169 son of Baha al-Dawala Khalaf 7 Taj al-Din II Nasr ibn Khalaf Malik 1106 1164 son of Baha al-Dawala Taj al-Din II Nasr 8 Taj al-Din III Harb ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr Malik 1169 1213 grandson of Tadj al-Din I Nasr Vassal to the Ghurids 9 Yamin al-Din Bahram Shah ibn Harb Malik 1213 1221 son of Taj al-Din III Harb Killed during the Mongol invasion, ushering in a period of succession instability and subsequent dissolution. 10 Taj al-Din IV Nasr ibn Bahram Shah Malik 1221 1221 son of Bahram Shah 11 Shihab al-Din Mahmud I ibn Harb Malik 1221 1225 son of Taj al-Din III Harb 12 Rukn al-Din Mahmud ibn Bahram Shah Malik 1221 1222 son of Bahram Shah 13 Abu ‘l-Muzaffar Ali ibn Harb Malik 1222 1222 son of Taj al-Din III Harb 14 Ala al-Din Ahman ibn Uthman Nasr al-Din ibn Harb Malik 1223 1223 son of Taj al-Din III Harb 15 Uthman Shah ibn Uthman Nasr al-Din ibn Harb Malik 1225 1225 son of Taj al-Din III Harb
Great Seljuq Empire, 1037–1194
Throne Name Original Name Portrait Title Born-Died Entered office Left office Family Relations NoteSeljuq Empire, 1029–1194 1 Toğrül I Mohammad Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Beg, Sultan 995–1063 1029 1063 son of Mikayil son of Seljuq 2 Alp Arslan Mohammad Azad od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Sultan 1029–1072 1064 1072son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül Ikilled by a captured soldier 3 Malik Shah I Hasan Jalal od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Sultan 1055–1092 1072 1092 son of Alp Arslan killed by assassins 4 Mahmud I Nasir od-Din, abolqasem, Sultan 1086–1094 1092 1094 son of Malik Shah I 5 Barkiyaruq Mohammad Rukn od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan 1080–1105 1094 1105 son of Malik Shah I 6 Malik Shah II Mu'izz od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan 1101–? 1105 1105 son of Barkiyaruq deposed & blinded by Mohammad I 7 Mohammad I Tapar Ghiyath od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan 1082–1118 1105 1118 son of Malik Shah I 8 Sanjar Ahmad Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan 1087–1157 1097 1157 son of Malik Shah I 9 Mahmud II Moghith od-Din, Sultan 1104–1131 1118 1131 son of Mohammad I 10 Dawud Moghith od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan ?–1132 1131 1132 son of Mahmud II 11 Toğrül II Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan 1109–1134 1132 1134 son of Mohammad I 12 Mas'ud Ghiath od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan 1109–1152 1134 1152 son of Mohammad I 13 Malik Shah III Moghith od-Din, Sultan 1128–1160 1152 1153 son of Mahmud II 14 Mohammad II Ghith od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan 1128–1160 1153 1160 son of Mahmud II 15 Süleyman Shah Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan 1118–1162 1160 1161 son of Mohammad I deposed 16 Arsalan Rukn od-Din, Sultan 1134–1176 1161 1176 son of Toğrül II 17 Toğrül III Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan ?–1194 1176 1194 son of Arsalan killed
Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty (1077–1231)