The Viceroy of Sichuan, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan and Other Local Areas, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Sichuan had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Sichuan Province (approx. nowadays most of Sichuan, most of Chongqing, northern part of Yunnan, and minor part of Xizang, Guizhou, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi).
History
The origins of the Viceroy of Sichuan trace back to 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, with the creation of the office of the Provincial Governor of Sichuan (四川巡撫). Its headquarters were in Chengdu. In 1645, the Qing government created the Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan with Luo Xiujin (羅繡錦) as the first Viceroy overseeing both Huguang (present-day Hubei and Hunan) and Sichuan provinces.
In 1653, Sichuan was placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of the Three Borders in Shaanxi, which was subsequently renamed "Viceroy of Chuan and the Three Borders in Shaanxi" (川陝三邊總督) with Meng Qiaofang (孟喬芳) as the officeholder. In 1656, the office was divided into two separate Viceroys for Shaanxi and Sichuan. The Viceroy of Sichuan was based in Chongqing. In 1661, the Viceroy of Sichuan relocated its headquarters to Hanzhong.
In 1668, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the Viceroy of Huguang was abolished and merged into the Viceroy of Sichuan, which was then renamed "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督) and based in Jingzhou. In 1670, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu relocated to Chongqing. Four years later, perhaps coinciding with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu reverted to pre-1668, separating into the Viceroy of Huguang and Viceroy of Sichuan. In 1680, the Kangxi Emperor merged the Viceroy of Sichuan with the Viceroy of Shaanxi under the "Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan" (川陝總督), with its headquarters in Xi'an. In 1718, a separate Viceroy was created for Sichuan, so the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan stopped managing Sichuan. However, these changes were reversed in 1721.
In 1731, the Yongzheng Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan, with the latter headquartered in Chengdu.
In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor abolished the Viceroy of Sichuan and recreated the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan. In 1748, during the campaign against the Jinchuan hill peoples in Sichuan, the Qianlong Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. He merged the two Viceroys in 1759 but reversed the changes in the following year. The system had remained as such until the end of the Qing dynasty.
List of Viceroys of Sichuan # Name Portrait Start of term End of term Notes Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan(1645–1652) 1 Luo Xiujin羅繡錦 1645 1652 Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan and the Three Borders(1653–1656) 2 Meng Qiaofang孟喬芳 1653 1654 3 Jin Li金礪 1654 1656 Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan(1656–1661) 4 Jin Li金礪 1656 1656 5 Ma Zhixian馬之先 1656 1657 6 Li Guoying李國英 1657 1661 Viceroy of Sichuan(1661–1667) 7 Li Guoying李國英 1661 1666 8 Miao Cheng苗澄 1666 1667 Viceroy of Chuan-Hu(1668–1674) 9 Liu Zhaoqi劉兆麒 1668 1669 10 Cai Yurong蔡毓榮 1670 1682 Stopped administering Sichuan in 1674 Viceroy of Sichuan(1674–1680) 11 Zhou Youde周有德 1674 1674 12 Yang Maoxun楊茂勛 1679 1680 Viceroy of Shan-Shaan(1680–1718) 13 Hajan哈占 1680 1683 14 Hife禧佛 1683 1686 15 Tuna圖納 1686 1688 16 Gesitai葛思泰 1688 1692 17 Foron佛倫 1692 1694 18 Wuhe吳赫 1694 1699 Silda席爾達 1699 1701 Acting Viceroy 19 Gioro-Huaxian覺羅華顯 1701 1704 20 Boji博霽 1704 1708 21 Cišiu齊世武 1708 1709 22 Yin Tai殷泰 1709 1713 23 Ehai鄂海 1713 1718 Viceroy of Sichuan(1718–1721) 24 Nian Gengyao年羹堯 1718 1721 Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan(1721–1731) 25 Nian Gengyao年羹堯 1721 1725 26 Yue Zhongqi岳鍾琪 1725 1729 27 Jalangga查郎阿 1729 1731 Viceroy of Sichuan(1731–1735) 28 Huang Tinggui黃廷桂 1731 1735 Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan(1736–1748) 29 Jalangga查郎阿 1736 1738 Liu Yuyi劉於義 1736 1737 Acting Viceroy 30 Omida鄂彌達 1738 1740 31 Yengišan尹繼善 1740 1742 32 Martai馬爾泰 1742 1743 Acting Viceroy 33 Qingfu慶復 1743 1747 34 Zhang Guangsi張廣泗 1747 1748 Huang Tinggui黃廷桂 1747 Acting Viceroy Furdan傅爾丹 1748 Acting Viceroy 35 Fuheng傅恆 1748 Acting Viceroy 36 Ts'ereng策楞 1748 Yengišan尹繼善 1748 Acting Viceroy Viceroy of Sichuan(1748–1759) 37 Ts'ereng策楞 1748 1753 38 Huang Tinggui黃廷桂 1753 1755 39 Kaitai開泰 1755 1759 Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan(1759–1760) 40 Kaitai開泰 1759 1760 Viceroy of Sichuan(1760–1911) 41 Kaitai開泰 1760 1763 42 Obi鄂弼 1763 1763 43 Artai阿爾泰 1763 1770 Agui阿桂 1764 1764 Acting Viceroy 44 Defu德福 1770 1771 45 Artai阿爾泰 1771 1771 46 Wenshou文綬 1771 1771 47 Guilin桂林 1771 1772 48 Artai阿爾泰 1772 1772 49 Wenshou文綬 1772 1772 50 Liu Bingtian劉秉恬 1772 1773 Fulehun富勒渾 1772 1772 Acting Viceroy 51 Fulehun富勒渾 1773 1776 52 Wenshou文綬 1776 1781 53 Fuk'anggan福康安 1781 1783 54 Li Shijie李世傑 1783 1787 55 Baoning保寧 1786 1787 56 Li Shijie李世傑 1787 1789 57 Sun Shiyi孫士毅 1789 1790 58 Ohūi鄂輝 1790 1791 59 Xianling憲齡 1791 1793 60 Fuk'anggan福康安 1793 1794 61 Heliyen和琳 1794 1796 Sun Shiyi孫士毅 1796 1796 Acting Viceroy 62 Funing福寧 1796 1797 63 Lebao勒保 1798 1799 64 Kuilun魁倫 1799 1800 65 Lebao勒保 1800 1810 66 Changming常明 1810 1817 Li Luanyi李鑾宜 1817 1817 Acting Viceroy Dening'a德寧阿 1817 1817 Acting Viceroy 67 Jiang Youxian蔣攸銛 1817 1822 68 Chen Ruolin陳若霖 1822 1823 69 Dai Sanxi戴三錫 1823 1829 70 Qishan琦善 Qishan.jpg 1829 1831 71 Ošan鄂山 1831 1838 72 Gioro-Baoxing覺羅寶興 1839 1846 73 Qishan琦善 Qishan.jpg 1846 1849 74 Xu Zechun徐澤醇 1849 1852 75 Huicheng慧成 1852 1853 76 Yurui裕瑞 1853 1854 77 Huang Zonghan黃宗漢 1854 1856 78 Wu Zhenyu吳振棫 1856 1857 79 Wang Qingyun王慶雲 1857 1859 80 Huang Zonghan黃宗漢 1859 1859 81 Zeng Wangyan曾望顏 1859 1860 82 Chongshi崇實 1860 1861 83 Luo Bingzhang駱秉章 1861 1867 84 Wu Tang吳棠 1867 1875 Wenge文格 1875 1875 Acting Viceroy 85 Li Hanzhang李瀚章 1875 1876 86 Ding Baozhen丁寶楨 1876 1886 87 Liu Bingzhang劉秉璋 1886 1894 88 Tan Zhonglin譚鍾麟 1894 1895 89 Lu Chuanlin鹿傳霖 1895 1897 Gongshou恭壽 1897 1898 Acting Viceroy 90 Li Bingheng李秉衡 1897 1897 Never assumed office 91 Yulu裕祿 1897 1898 92 Kuijun奎俊 1898 1902 Cen Chunxuan岑春煊 1902 1903 Acting Viceroy 93 Xiliang錫良 1903 1907 Zhao Erfeng趙爾豐 1907 1907 Acting Viceroy 94 Zhao Erxun趙爾巽 1907 1907 Never assumed office 95 Chen Kuilong陳夔龍 1907 1908 96 Zhao Erxun趙爾巽 1908 1911 Zhao Erfeng趙爾豐 1911 1911 Acting Viceroy Cen Chunxuan岑春煊 1911 1911 Acting Viceroy; never assumed office 97 Duanfang端方 1911 1911 Assassinated in office
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