An academy of sciences is a type of learned society or academy (as special scientific institution) dedicated to sciences that may or may not be state funded. Some state funded academies are national, or royal (i.e. United Kingdom's Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge) as a form of honor.

The other type of academies are Academy of Arts or combination of both (e.g., American Academy of Arts and Sciences). Academy of Letters is another related expression, encompassing literature. In non-English-speaking countries, the range of academic fields of the members of a national Academy of Science often includes scholarly disciplines which would not normally be classed as "science" in English. Many languages use a broad term for systematized learning which includes both natural sciences and social sciences and fields such as literary studies, linguistics, history, or art history. (Often these terms are calques from Latin (the etymological source of English science) and, accordingly, derivatives of the verb 'know', such as German , Swedish , Hungarian , Estonian or Finnish .) Accordingly, for example the Austrian Academy of Sciences (), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (), or the Estonian Academy of Sciences () also cover the areas of social sciences and humanities.

As the engineering sciences have become more varied and advanced, there is a recent trend in many advanced countries to organize the National Academy of Engineering (or National Academy of Engineering Sciences), separate from the national academy of sciences.

Academies of science play an important role in science diplomacy efforts. Academies are increasingly organized in regional or even international academies. The Interacademy Partnership for example is a global network consisting of over 140 national, regional and global member academies of science, engineering and medicine. Pan-Europe academies include the Academia Europaea and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Additionally, there are many regional associations such as ALLEA in Europe, NASAC as the Network of African Science Academies, IANAS in Latin America, and AASSA in Asia. The International Science Council brings together international scientific unions and associations as well as national and regional scientific organizations such as academies and research councils from the natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities.

Apart from national academies of science, there are now increasingly also national young academies. National young academies usually select members for a limited term, normally 4–5 years, after which members become academy alumni. Young academies typically engage with issues important to young scientists. These include, for example, science education or the dialog between science and society. Most young academies are affiliated with a senior Academy of Sciences or with a network of senior academies. The Global Young Academy, which itself is a science academy (e.g. full member of Interacademy Partnership) often serves as a facilitator of the growing global network of young academies. Since its creation, more than 35 national young academies have been established. In 2019, there were 41 national young academies.

List

World Developing world – The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Academy – World Academy of Art and Science International Science Council Europe Academia Europaea European Academy of Sciences and Arts ASEAN – ASEAN Academy of Engineering and Technology Afghanistan – Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan Albania – Academy of Sciences of Albania Argentina – National Academy of Sciences of Argentina Armenia – National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Austria – Austrian Academy of Sciences Australia – Australian Academy of Science Azerbaijan – National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan Bangladesh – Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Belarus – National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Belgium – Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina – Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil – Brazilian Academy of Sciences Bulgaria – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Canada Royal Society of Canada Canadian Academy of Engineering China Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Engineering Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Costa Rica – Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica) Croatia – Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Czech Republic – Czech Academy of Sciences Denmark – Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters Estonia – Estonian Academy of Sciences Finland Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters Finnish Academy of Science and Letters France – French Academy of Sciences Georgia Georgian National Academy of Sciences Abkhazian Regional Academy of Sciences Germany German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Union of Regional German Academies of Sciences and Humanities: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities acatech Ghana – Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences Greece – Academy of Athens Hong Kong Hong Kong Academy of Sciences Hong Kong Academy of Engineering Hong Kong Academy of the Humanities International Core Academy of Sciences and Humanities Hungary – Hungarian Academy of Sciences India Indian Academy of Sciences Indian National Science Academy National Academy of Sciences, India Indonesia Indonesian Institute of Sciences Indonesian Academy of Sciences Iran – Academy of Sciences of Iran Italy Lincean Academy Accademia Pontaniana Accademia Cosentina Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (detta dei XL) Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana di Scienze Lettere ed Arti Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere Israel – Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Japan Science Council of Japan Japan Academy Kazakhstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kosovo – Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts Kyrgyzstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Latvia – Latvian Academy of Sciences Lebanon – Lebanese Academy of Sciences Liechtenstein - Naturwissenschaftliches Forum Lithuania – Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Malaysia – Akademi Sains Malaysia Mexico – Mexican Academy of Sciences Moldova – Academy of Sciences of Moldova Mongolia – Mongolian Academy of Sciences Montenegro Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts Morocco – Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technologies Nepal – Nepal Academy of Science and Technology Netherlands – Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences New Zealand – Royal Society of New Zealand Nigeria – Nigerian Academy of Science North Korea – Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea North Macedonia – Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Norway Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences Pakistan – Pakistan Academy of Sciences Philippines - National Academy of Science and Technology Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Learning Portugal Lisbon Academy of Sciences Lisbon Geographic Society Romania – Romanian Academy Russia – Russian Academy of Sciences San Marino – International Academy of Sciences San Marino Serbia – Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Singapore – Singapore National Academy of Science Slovakia – Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovenia – Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts South Africa Academy of Science of South Africa Royal Society of South Africa Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns South Korea – National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea Soviet Union – Soviet Academy of Sciences Spain – Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences Sri Lanka – National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka Sweden – Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Switzerland – Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences Taiwan – Academia Sinica Thailand – Royal Institute of Thailand Turkey – Turkish Academy of Sciences Ukraine – National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine United Kingdom Royal Society Royal Academy of Engineering Academy of Medical Sciences British Academy Scotland – Royal Society of Edinburgh United States National Academies U.S. National Academy of Sciences U.S. National Academy of Engineering U.S. National Academy of Medicine formerly the Institute of Medicine National Research Council American Academy of Arts and Sciences State-specific California – California Academy of Sciences Connecticut - Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering Missouri – Academy of Science, St. Louis New York – New York Academy of Sciences Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania Academy of Science Vatican City – Pontifical Academy of Sciences Jordan and the Islamic world – Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS)

See also

National academy

References