Clymeniida is an order of ammonoid cephalopods from the Upper Devonian characterized by having an unusual dorsal siphuncle. They measured about in diameter and are most common in Europe, North Africa, and South China but are known from North America (New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Utah) and Australia (New South Wales) as well.
Morphologic characteristics Clymeniids produced a variety of shells ranging from smooth to ribbed and spinose, from evolute with all whorls exposed to strongly involute with the last whorl covering the previous. Some were even triangular in lateral view. With the exception of the first few chambers, all have a siphuncle that runs along the dorsal margin, i.e., along the inner edge of each whorl, rather than the outer edge as in most ammonoids.
Developmentally, the siphuncle in clymeniids starts off ventrally, like that in other ammonoids, but after the first few septa it migrates to a dorsal position indefinitely. Septal necks are retrosiphonate, characteristic of their nautiloid ancestors, and are commonly very long, forming an almost continuous siphuncular tube. The septa, unusually simplified in shape, are convex toward the front as is characteristic of ammonoids.
Classification Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957, in Part L of the Treatise on Invertebrate PaleontologyMiller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957; Paleozoic Ammonoidea; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part-L, Ammonoidea, Geological Society of America & Univ of Kansas. included three superfamilies in Clymeniida: Gonioclymeniaceae, Clymeniaceae, and Parawocklumeriaceae. Gonoclymeniaceae unites five families, Clymeniaceae three. Parawocklumeraceae was established for the single family Parawocklumeriidae.
In 1999, Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures; Supplementary Materia divided Clymeniida into two suborders, Gonioclymeniina and Clymeniina. Gonioclymeniina includes Sellaclymeniaceae, with 7 families and 20 genera; Gonioclyemniaceae, containing a single family with six genera; and Parawocklumeraceae, also containing a single family but with only three genera. Clymeniina contains a single superfamily, Clymeniaceae, which unites five families with a total of 36 genera.
Per the GONIAT website,GONIAT two suborders fall into Clymeniida. They are Clymeniina with four superfamilies and Gonioclymeniina, established for a single superfamily. In contrast, Dieter Korn in 2006 divided Clymeniida into Clymeniina and Cyrtoclymeniina, named by him in 2002.D. Korn. 2006. Paleozoic ammonoid classification Shevyrev, on the other hand, in 2006 divided Clymeniida into Clymeniina and Gonioclymeniina, in line with GONIAT and with the work of Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva.Classification of A. A. Shevyrev 2006 The Taxonomy section below presents Korn's (2006) classification.
Taxonomy Clymeniida Suborder Clymeniina Hyatt, 1884 Superfamily Clymeniaceae Edwards, 1849 Family Clymeniidae Edwards, 1849 Genus Aktuboclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979 Genus Clymenia Münster, 1834 Family Kosmoclymeniidae Korn and Price, 1987 Subfamily Kosmoclymeniinae Korn and Price, 1987 Genus Kosmoclymenia Schindewolf, 1949 Genus Linguaclymenia Korn and Price, 1987 Genus Lissoclymenia Korn and Price, 1987 Genus Muessenbiaergia Korn and Price, 1987 Subfamily Rodeckiinae Korn 2002 Genus Franconiclymenia Korn and Price, 1987 Genus Protoxyclymenia Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Rodeckia Korn, 2002 Superfamily Gonioclymeniaceae Hyatt, 1884 Family Costaclymeniidae Ruzhencev, 1957 Genus Costaclymenia Schindewolf, 1920 Genus Endosiphonites Ansted, 1838 Family Gonioclymeniidae Hyatt, 1884 Genus Finiclymenia Price and Korn 1989 Genus Gonioclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 Genus Kalloclymenia Wedekind, 1914 Genus Leviclymenia Korn, 2002 Genus Mesoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1981 Family Sellaclymeniidae Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Sellaclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 Family Sphenoclymeniidae Korn, 1992 Genus Medioclymenia Korn, 2002 Genus Sphenoclymenia Schindewolf, 1920 Superfamily Platyclymeniaceae , 1914 Family Glatziellidae Schindewolf, 1928 Genus Glatziella Renz, 1914 Genus Liroclymenia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Postglatziella Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Soliclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Family Piriclymeniidae Korn, 1992 Genus Ornatoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979 Genus Piriclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Sulcoclymenia Schindewolf, 1923 Family Platyclymeniidae Wedekind, 1914 Subfamily Nodosoclymeniinae Korn, 2002 Genus Czarnoclymenia Korn, 1999 Genus Nodosoclymenia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Stenoclymenia Lange, 1929 Subfamily Platyclymeniinae Wedekind, 1914 Genus Fasciclymenia Korn and Price, 1987 Genus Platyclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 Genus Progonioclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Spinoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1962 Genus Trigonoclymenia Schindewolf, 1934 Genus Varioclymenia Wedekind, 1908 Subfamily Pleuroclymeniinae Korn, 2002 Genus Borisiclymenia Korn, 2002 Genus Nanoclymenia Korn, 2002 Genus Pleuroclymenia Schindewolf, 1934 Genus Trochoclymenia Schindewolf, 1926 Superfamily Wocklumeriaceae Schindewolf, 1937 Family Parawocklumeriidae Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Kamptoclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Parawocklumeria Schindewolf, 1926 Genus Tardewocklumeria Becker, 2000 Genus Triaclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Family Wocklumeriidae Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Epiwocklumeria Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Kielcensia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Synwocklumeria Librovitch, 1957 Genus Wocklumeria Wedekind, 1918 Suborder Cyrtoclymeniina Korn, 2002 Superfamily Biloclymeniaceae Bogoslovsky, 1955 Family Biloclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1955 Genus Biloclymenia Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Dimeroclymenia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Kiaclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965 Genus Rhiphaeoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965 Family Pachyclymeniidae Korn, 1992 Genus Pachyclymenia Schindewolf, 1937 Genus Uraloclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1977 Superfamily Cyrtoclymeniaceae Hyatt, 1884 Family Carinoclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1975 Genus Acriclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1975 Genus Carinoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965 Genus Karaclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1983 Genus Pinacoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1975 Family Cymaclymeniidae Hyatt 1884 Subfamily Cymaclymeniinae Hyatt, 1884 Genus Cymaclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 Genus Laganoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979 Genus Procymaclymenia Korn, 2002 Genus Rodachia Korn, 2002 Subfamily Genuclymeniinae Korn, 2002 Genus Flexiclymenia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Genuclymenia Wedekind, 1908 Genus Siekluckia Czarnocki, 1989 Family Cyrtoclymeniidae Hyatt, 1884 Genus Cyrtoclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 Genus Hexaclymenia Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Praeflexiclymenia Czarnocki, 1989 Genus Pricella Korn, 1991 Genus Protactoclymenia Wedekind, 1908 Family Rectoclymeniidae Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Cteroclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979 Genus Falciclymenia Schindewolf, 1923 Genus Karadzharia Korn, 2002 Genus Rectoclymenia Wedekind, 1908 Suborder Incertae sedis Genus Borkinia Genus Gyroclymenia Genus Kazakhoclymenia Genus Miroclymenia Genus Schizoclymenia
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