Kalugin is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Erik Kalugin (1937–2003), Soviet sprint canoer Igor Kalugin (1943-2005), Soviet and Russian poet, known for an attempted aircraft hijacking on April 18, 1990 Oleg Kalugin (born 1934), former Soviet KGB general Oleg Vladimirovich Kalugin (born 1989), Russian football midfielder Sergey Kalugin (born 1967), Russian musician, leader of the rock band Orgia Pravednikov