Sagittaria cuneata is a North American species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name arumleaf arrowhead or duck potato. Like some other Sagittaria species, it may be called wapato.
Description Sagittaria cuneata is an aquatic plant, growing in slow-moving and stagnant water bodies such as ponds and small streams. It is quite variable in appearance, and submerged parts of the plant look different from those growing above the surface or on land. It is a perennial herb growing from a white or blue-tinged tuber. The leaves are variable in shape, many of them sagittate (arrow-shaped) with two smaller, pointed lobes opposite the tip. The leaf blades are borne on very long petioles. The plant is monoecious (individuals bearing both male and female flowers). The inflorescence, which rises above the surface of the water, is a raceme made up of several whorls of flowers, the lowest node bearing female flowers and upper ones bearing males. The flower is up to wide with white petals. The male flowers have rings of yellow stamens at the centers. Each female flower has a spherical cluster of pistils which develops into a group of tiny fruits.
Distribution and habitat It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada (every province and territory except Nunavut) as well as the western and northeastern United States (New England, Great Lakes, Great Plains, Rocky Mountain, Great Basin and Pacific Coast states; including Alaska but not Hawaii).Biota of North America Program, map, Sagittaria cuneata
Ecology Muskrat and beavers store them in large caches.Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396
Conservation
It is listed as endangered in Connecticut"Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 12 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.) and New Jersey. It is listed as threatened in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Ohio.
Uses The Cheyenne give dried leaves to horses for urinary troubles and for a sore mouth.Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6 The Klamath use the rootstocks as food.Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90 The Menominee string the dried, boiled, sliced potatoes together for winter use.Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 61 The Ojibwe eat the corms for indigestion, and also as a food, eaten boiled fresh, dried or candied with maple sugar. They would sometimes look for caches of this plant made by muskrats or beavers and appropriate them for their own use. The Northern Paiute use the roots for food.Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 The indigenous people of Montana eat the tubers raw and boiled.Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22
References
External links Washington Burke Museum Sagittaria cuneata Photo gallery Sagittaria cuneata Washington State Department of Ecology, Shoreline Plants, Sagittaria cuneata Plants for a Future, Sagittaria cuneata Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest, Turner Photographics, Sagittaria cuneata arum-leaf arrowhead