The city of Leeuwarden, Friesland, the Netherlands has had at least 130 windmills over the centuries. Only one, the Froskepôlemolen survives today within Leeuwarden. Six other mills which have stood in Leeuwarden survive elsewhere in the Netherlands. The mills had a wide range of industrial and agricultural uses. The industrial uses include the processing of bark for tanning leather, the fulling of cloth, the production of cement, the production of dyes, the extraction of oil (including the production of paints), the grinding of tobacco to produce snuff, the production of gunpowder, and the sawing of timber. Agricultural uses include the milling of buckwheat, oats, rye and wheat, the processing of chicory, the production of pearl barley, and the pumping of water.
Surviving windmills Froskepôlemolen
The grondzeiler Huizumer en Goutum Nieuwlandmolen was moved to a new site within Leeuwarden in 1962. It now stands on the island known as Froskepôlle at . The mill is a drainage mill, and is maintained in working order.
Windmills with surviving remains De Haan The stellingmolen De Haan () was built before 1685. It stood on the south side of the Zuidvliet at . It was a fulling mill. In 1749 it was converted to a barley mill. In 1832 it was converted to an oil mill, at which time it was known as De Haan. After 1848 it was also a cement mill. The mill was standing in 1878, but had been demolished by 1903 leaving the base which survives, having survived a threat of demolition in 2003.
De Eendracht, (oil and barley mill)
De Eendracht () was a stellingmolen which built before 1786 as a barley and oat hulling mill. It was later converted to an oil mill. The mill stood on the Dokkumer Trekweg at . In 1888, the smock was moved to Anjum, where it was erected on a new brick base. The mill stands today, known as De Eendracht. At Leeuwarden, the original base of De Eendracht survives. Following a fire in 2014, a proposal was made in November 2015 to build a new smock on the existing base. The building would be used for residential purposes. The new steel-framed smock and cap, with dummy sails, was lifted onto the base on 6 March 2018.
Windmills formerly in Leeuwarden which survive elsewhere
De Phenix
De Phenix () stood on the site of De Hersteller, to the south of the Zuidvliet between the Looiersbrug and the Bakkersbrug at . The mill was a sawmill. In 1917 it was moved to Marrum, where it stands today known as De Phenix, converted to a drainage mill.
De Jonge De Jonge () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1871. It stood on the Harlinger Trekvaart to the west of De Kat at . It was an oil mill. A steam engine was installed in 1878. In 1887, the mill was moved to Marle, Overijssel, where it was converted to a corn mill. The mill survives and is known as De Vlijt.
Himriksmolen The Himriksmolen was a spinnenkopmolen which was built in 1830 close to the Woudmansdiep at . It was a drainage mill. Replaced by a pumphouse in 1948, the mill was moved to Ryptsjerk in 1952, where it stood at . On 13 November 1972, the mill was badly damaged in a storm. It was moved to Tytsjerk in 1976, where the mill stood to the south of the Lytse Wielen at . Due to boundary changes the mill's location became part of Leeuwarden, and then reverted to Tytsjerk. On 30 June 1995, the mill was burnt down in an arson attack. The mill was restored in 1996, and is known as De Himriksmole or De Groene Ster.
Huizumer en Goutumer Nieuwlandmolen
The Huizumer en Goutumer Nieuwlandmolen was a grondzeiler which was built in 1850 to drain the Huizumer en Goutumer Nieuland polders, which had a combined area of . The mill stood about to the south west of Leeuwarden railway station at . In 1962, the mill was moved to a new site within Leeuwarden, where it is known as the Froskepôlemolen.
Molen aan de Nieuwe Kanaal
A stellingmolen was built in 1732 by the Nieuwe Kanaal, which is now known as the Emmakade, at . It was a barley mill, and later an oil mill and bark mill. Last recorded at Leeuwarden in 1786, the mill was later moved to Heerenveen, where it was known as De Fortuyn. The mill was moved to Hankate, Overijssel in 1892, taking the name Molen van Kappert. In 1916, the mill was moved to Veenoord, Drenthe, and took the name Nooitdgedacht. The mill still stands in Veenoord.
Vanished windmills Cammingha-Buurstermolen
The Cammingha-Buurstermolen was a grondzeiler which was built in 1850 along the Kalverdijkje at . The mill was working until 1947 when a electric motor was installed. In 1958, the mill was bought by the Gemeente Leeuwarden for ƒ5. It was restored by millwright De Roos of Leeuwarden. The sails were removed the early 1990s. On 11 May 1994, the mill was the victim of an arson attack. The remains of the mill were demolished in 2000.
De Arend (standerdmolen) The first mill on this site was a standerdmolen which was moved from the Noordvliet in 1621. Located on the city walls at Vrouwenpoortsdwinger, . It was still standing in 1664.
De Arend (stellingmolen) The standerdmolen was later replaced by a stellingmolen on the same site () which served as a corn mill. It was called De Arend (). The mill was purchased by the Gemeente Leeuwarden in 1895 and demolished in 1901. It was the last windmill to stand on the city walls.
De Basuin De Basuin was a stellingmolen which was built in 1849 to the south of the railway station at the junction of Hollanderwijk and Wassenberghstraat, . The mill was a corn and barley mill. It was demolished in 1913, leaving the base standing. This was demolished in September 1978.
De Boer, De Hersteller De Boer (), also known as De Hersteller () stood to the south of the Zuidvliet between the Looiersbrug and the Bakkersbrug at . The mill was built in 1672. it was known as De Boer until 1823, then De Hersteller until 1848, when it burnt down. It was replaced by a new stellingmolen which was named De Phenix or De Phoenix.
De Drie Gouden Kronen De Drie Gouden Kronen () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1770. It was an oil mill. The mill stood on the east side of the Dokkumer Ee at . A steam engine was added in 1881 and the mill was demolished in 1891. The foundation stone of the mill has been preserved.
De Eendracht (1st sawmill) The first sawmill named De Eendracht was a stellingmolen which was built between 1718 and 1739. The mill stood on the Schenkenschans, to the south side of the Harlinger Trekvaart at . The mill burnt down on 18 May 1878.
De Eendracht (2nd sawmill) The second sawmill named De Eendracht was a stellingmolen which originally stood at Zaandam-Oost, North Holland where it had been built in 1787 and was a sawmill known as De Bakker (). It replaced the earlier mill which had burnt down, standing on the same site, . It was demolished in 1919.
De Eenhorn, Wijninghahornster Mollen, Dye Molen voor Wirdumerpoerte De Eenhorn ) was a standerdmolen. The first mention of a mill on this site was in 1496, when it was known as the Wijninghahornster Mollen In 1516, the mill was in use as a dye mill, then being known as the Dye Molen voor Wirdumerpoerte. By 1582, the mill was in use as a corn mill. It stood to the east of De Rosenboom at . The rye and wheat mill De Eenhorn was sold in June 1837, this being the last evidence of its existence.
De Fortuin (standerdmolen) A standerdmolen originally stood on this site, which lies on De Wirdumerpoortsdwinger at . It was a corn mill built between 1580 and 1603. The mill was demolished c1760 and replaced with a stellingmolen.
De Fortuin (stellingmolen) The stellingmolen known as De Fortuin (}) was also a corn mill. It was moved within Leeuwarden in 1873, taking the name Het Fortuin at its new site.
De Herderin, De Blauwe Molen This stellingmolen was moved from Zaanstreek, North Holland in 1830. There, it was a paper mill known as De Herderin (). The mill was also known as De Blauwe Molen () due to it having been moved to Leeuwarden by a millwright by the name of De Blauwe. Its site is to the west of the Cambuur Stadion at . The mill was an oil mill, it was moved c1892 to Minnertsga, where it was a corn mill known as De Welkomst (). The mill was demolished in 1947.
De Hersteller De Hersteller () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1819. It was a saw mill which stood on the Schenkenschans, on the west side of De Zwette at . The mill was demolished in 1903.
De Hoop, Groote Weijdmolen, 's Pinsenweitmolen The first mill on this site was a standerdmolen which had been moved from Het Schravernek in 1624. De Hoop was a stellingmolen which was a corn mill. It was also known as Groote Weijdmolen or s Prinsenweitmolen. The mill stood behind the De Arend theatre at . It was demolished in 1885.
Deinumerpoldermolen The Deinumerpoldermolen or Deinumer Nieuwmanspoldermolen was a grondzeiler which was built in 1774 by millwright Frans Beernts of Leeuwarden to drain the approximately Deinumer Nieumanspolder. The mill stood on the Zwette, to the east of the church on the Snekervaart at . in 1916, an electric motor was installed. The mill was demolished in 1918 and an electrically driven pump was erected in its place.
De Jong Fenix (forerunner) A standerdmolen was moved from within Leeuwarden c1642. It stood on the Zuidvliet at . The mill was a corn mill, it burnt down in 1752.
De Jong Fenix, De Stenen Molen De Jong Fenix () was a stellingmolen which served as a bark mill, and oil mill and a cement mill. The mill was built in 1752 on the site of the post mill which had burnt down (). It was also known as De Stenen Molen (). The mill was demolished in 1904, but the foundation stone has been preserved and can be seen in the Fries Museum, Leeuwarden.
De Kat De Kat () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1699 as a barley mill. It stood on the Harlinger Trekvaart at . In 1739, the mill was rebuilt as an oil mill. It was demolished in 1903.
De Kroon De Kroon () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1760 as a snuff and paint mill. It stood near the mouth of the Nieuw Kanaal at . The mill was converted to a gunpowder and oil mill. In 1822 it was used only as an oil mill. It was demolished in 1914.
De Kroon, De Steenbikmolen De Kroon or De Steenbikmolen was a stellingmolen which was built between 1884 and 1887. It stood on the Hollanderdijk close to De Schrans at . The mill was probably a drainage mill originally, but was later converted to a stamping mill. The mill was standing in 1896 but was struck by lightning at an unknown date, losing its sails. The mill was then demolished, it had gone by 1905.
De Leeuw (standerdmolen) The first mill on the site occupied by De Leeuw was a standerdmolen built in 1622. The mill stood on the Oldhoofsterdwinger at . It burnt down in 1689.
De Leeuw (stellingmolen) In 1690, a stellingmolen was erected in the place of the mill which had burnt down (). This mill was known as De Leeuw; (). The mill was bought by the Gemeente Leeuwarden in 1882 and demolished that same year.
De Morgenster De Morgenster () was a stellingmolen which was built in 1842 to replace a horse mill. It stood on the Zuidvliet at . The mill was a chicory, rye, and barley mill, as well as a drainage mill. It was demolished in 1861, and probably moved to an unknown location.
De Paltrok, De Poltrok The eponymous De Paltrok or De Poltrok was a paltrokmolen which was built between 1718 and 1735. It stood on De Schenkenschans, along the Harlinger Trekvaart at . The mill was a sawmill it was demolished in 1812.
De Rosenboom (standerdmolen) The first mill on the site later occupied by De Rosenboom was a standerdmolen which was marked on a map dated 1664. It stood on the west side of the Rijksweg at . The mill was demolished c1750, and replaced by an achtkantmolen, which was built in 1751.
De Rosenboom (achtkantmolen)