All or almost all rivers in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some rivers have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article provides known alternative names for all major European rivers. It also includes alternative names of some lesser rivers that are important because of their location or history.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any river is or was. Rivers are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.

Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in...?".

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A

English name Countries Other name(s) or older name(s) Aa Aa (Dutch, French, West Flemish), Abbe (Picard), Agnio (Latin) Aare Aar (French, Italian), Aara (Romansh, Czech), Aare (Alemannish, German), Abrinca, Arola or Arula (Latin) Achelous Achelôios - Ἀχελῷος (ancient Greek), Achelóos - Αχελώος (modern Greek), Acheloos (German, alternative English), Acheloös (Dutch), Achéloos or Achéloüs (French), Achelous (Latin), Aheloos (Romanian), Aqueloo (Spanish form in mythology), Aspropotamo (Italian), Aspropotamos - Ασπροπόταμος (medieval Greek), Aspropótamos (Spanish), Axenus, Thestiu, and Thoas (possible earlier ancient Greek names) Acheron Acheron (Latin, German, Turkish), Acherōn - Ἀχέρων or Acherousios - Ἀχερούσιος (Ancient Greek), Achéron (French), Acherontas - Αχέροντας (modern Greek), Acheronte (Italian), Aheron (Romanian), Aheront (Croatian), Aqueront (Catalan), Aqueronte or Aquerón (Spanish), Gliqi or Frar (Albanian) Adda Abdua and Abadua (Latin variants), Ada (Lombard, Venetian), Adda (Italian), Addua (Latin) Adige Ades (Dolomitic Ladin), Àdexe (Venetian), Adige (Italian, French), Adigio (Spanish), Adis (Lombard), Adiža (Slovene), Adiže (Czech), Adyga (Polish), Athesis (Latin), Athyses - Αθυσης (Ancient Greek), Égg’ (Emiliano-Romagnolo), Etsch (German) Adour Ador (Occitan), Adour (French, German, Italian), Adur (Spanish), Aturri (Basque) Ain Addua, Danus, Idanus, Indus or Igneus (Neo-Latin), Ain (French), Hinnis (Old French) Aire Arus (Neo-Latin; 17th-century), Eyr and Eir (Middle English; 12th century), ðarcy and Yr (Anglo-Saxon; 10th century) Aisne Ainne (Picard), Aisne (French), Axona (Latin) Akhurian Achurjan (German), Akhourian (French), Akhurean - Ախուրեան (Classical Armenian), Akhuryan - Ախուրյան (Armenian), Akhuryan - Ахурян or Arpachay Арпачай (Russian), Arpaçay (Turkish), ارپه چاى (Ottoman Turkish) Alatyr Alatyr - Алатырь (Russian), Rator - Ратор (Erzya and Mocksha Mordvin), Ulatăr - Улатӑр (Chuvash) Alazani Alaz - Алаз (Chechen), Alazan - Ալազան (Armenian), Alazan - Алазан (Avaric), Alazani - ალაზანი (Georgian), Alazani - Алаза́ни (Russian), Dur - Дур (Tsakhur), Qanıx (Azerbaijani) Albula Albula (German), Alvra (Romansh) Alfeios Alfeo (Italian, Spanish), Alfios (German), Alphée (French), Alpheiós - Ἀλφειός (ancient Greek), Alpheus (Latin), Alphiós - Αλφειός (modern Greek), Rouphiás - Ρουφιάς (alternative Greek name) Aller Alera, Elera and Alara (Old Saxon/Neo-Latin; 8th-11th century), Aller (German) Allier Aleî (Auvergnat dialect of Occitan), Alèir (Occitan), Alier (Catalan), Allier (French), Elaver (Latin) Altaelva Alattionjoki (Finnish, Kven), Altaälven (Swedish), Altaelv (German), Altaelva (Norwegian), Álttáeatnu (Northern Sami) Altmühl Alcmona and Alcmana (8th-9th century), Altmühl (German) Alzette Alisontia (Latin), Alzette (French), Alzig and Elze (German, old), Uelzecht (Luxembourgish) Amblève Ambleve (Walloon), Amblève (French), Amel (German) Amper Amber (Latin), Ammer (German; upstream river), Amper (German; downstream river) Amstel Aem or Aeme (Old Frisian), Aemstel (Middle Dutch; 12th-13th century), Amstel (Dutch) Angrapa Angerapp (German), Angrapa - Анграпа (Russian), Angrapė (Lithuanian), Węgorapa (Polish) Aniene Anien, Anio or Tibero (Latin), Aniene or Teverone (Italian) Aoös Aias/Aoös - Αίας/Αώος (modern Greek), Aōos - Αώος (Ancient Greek), Aous (Latin), Băiasa (Aromanian), Vjosa or Vjosë (Albanian), Vjosa (French, German), Voiussa (Italian), Vojuša - Војуша (Macedonian, Serbian), Vovousa - Βοβούσα (modern Greek alternative) Arachthos Arachthos (French, German, Italian, Spanish), Árakhthos - Άραχθος (Greek), Narta (Albanian) Aragón Aragó (Catalan), Aragoi (Basque), Aragon (French, Occitan), Aragón (Aragonese, Spanish), Aragonius (Latin) Aras Arakhsi - არაქსი (Georgian), Araks - Արաքս (Armenian), Araks - Аракс (Russian), Aras (Turkish, German, Italian, Spanish), Aras - ارس (Persian), Araxe (French), Araxes (Latin, English variant), Araxes - Αράξης (ancient Greek), Araz (Azerbaijani), Erez (Kurdish), Rakhsi - რახსი (Old Georgian), Yeraskh - Երասխ (Classical Armenian) Arda Arda - Арда (Bulgarian), Arda (Turkish), Árdas - Άρδας (Modern Greek), Arpisos - Άρπησσος (Ancient Greek), Artiscus (Latin) Ardèche Ardecha (Occitan), Ardèche (French), Hentica? (AD 950) Argens Argenç (Occitan), Argens (French), Argenteus(Latin) Argeș Ardzhesh - Арджеш (Bulgarian), Argeș (Romanian), Argisch (German), Argyas (Hungarian), Ordessos and Argessus (Latin) Ariège Arièja (Occitan), Arieja (Catalan), Ariège (French), Aurigera(Latin) Arieș Aranyos (Hungarian), Arieș (Romanian), Goldfluss (German, rare) Arno Arno (Italian), Arnu (Sicilian), Arnus (Latin) Arroux Arotius, Isrus, Hesrus or Adrus (Latin), Arroux (French) Aterno Aterno (Italian; upstream part), Aternos - Άτερνος (Ancient Greek), Aternus and Piscarius (Latin), Pescara (Italian; downstream part) Arve Arva (Latin), Arve (French) Aube Alba and Albis (Latin; 8th-9th century), Aube (French) Aude Atax (Latin), Aude (French, Catalan, Occitan), Aulne Alaunus (Latin), Aon (Breton, Welsh), Aulne (French) Authie Alteia (Latin), Authie (French), Eutie (Picard), Otie (Dutch) Aveyron Avairon (Occitan), Avario and Veronius (Latin), Aveyron (French) Avon Auvona (Latin), Bristol Avon (English variant)

B

English name Countries Other name(s) or older name(s) Bacchiglione Bacajon (Venetian), Bacchiglione (Italian), Medoacus Minor (Latin) Baïse Baïsa (Occitan), Baïse (French), Banisia (Neo-Latin; 13th century), Vanesia (Latin; 4th century) Bann Bann Wattèr (Ulster-Scots), Bhanna (Irish) Barrow Berua or Birgus (Latin), Bhearú (Irish) Basento Basento (Italian), Casuentus (Latin) Bega Bega (Romanian, German), Béga (Hungarian), Begej - Бегеј (Serbian, Bosnian) Belaya (Kama) Ağídel - Агыйдел (Tatar), Ağiźel - Ағиҙел (Bashkir), Aqedil - Ақеділ (Kazakh), Asho - Ашо (Erzya), Belaïa or Aguidel (French), Belaja (Dutch, German, Italian), Belaya - Бе́лая (Russian), Bélaya or Aghidhel (Spanish), Bila - Біла (Ukrainian), Osh Viche - Ош Виче (Mari), Töd’y Kam - Тӧдьы Кам (Udmur), Šur Atăl - Шур Атӑл (Chuvash) Berezina Berezina - Березина (Russian, Ukrainian), Berezina (Czech, Lithuanian), Berezyna (Polish), Bjaresina (German), Byarezina - Бярэ́зіна (Belarusian) Berkel Bekke (Achterhooks), Bercle, Bercla and Berclo (14th century), Berkel (Dutch, German, Low Saxon) BerounkaBerounka nebo Mze?(in Czech) Beraun (German), Berounka (Czech), Mies (German; upstream, formerly entire river), Mže (Czech; upstream, formerly entire river), Plzenská reka, Radbuza, Watta (former Czech names) Bîc Bîc or Bâc (Romanian), Bik or Bic (German), Byk - Бик (Ukrainian), Byk - Бык (Russian) Biebrza Bebras (Lithuanian), Biebrza (Polish), Bober (German variant), Бобра - Bobra (former? Belarusian, Ukrainian), Byebzha - Бебжа (Belarusian) Biferno Biferno (Italian), Tifernus or Phiternus (Latin) Birs Birs (Alemannisch, German), Birsa (Italian, Latin), Birse (French) Bistrica (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian), Clear water (English) Bistrița Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistrița (Romanian), Bistritz (German), Nösen (archaic German) Blackwater (Munster) An Abha Mhór (Irish), Auenmorus (Latin) Blavet Blabia, later Blavetum or Blavitta (Latin), Blavet (French), Blavezh (Breton, Welsh), Bóbr Bober (German), Bobr (Czech, Sorbian), Bóbr (Polish), Bobrawa (Lower Sorbian variant), Bubr - Бубр (Ukrainian) Bodrog Bodrog (Slovak, Hungarian), Bodrok (former Slovak variant) Buna Barbana (Latin), Boiana (Italian), Bojana - Бојана (Montenegrin, Macedonian, Serbian), Boyana (Turkish), Boyna - Μπούνα (Greek), Buna (Albanian, Czech, French, German), Bunë (Albanian) Bosna Basana / Bathinus (Latin), Bosna (Bosnian, Croatian), Bosna - Босна (Serbian), Bośnia (Polish) Boyne Bhóinn or Abhainn na Bóinne (Irish), Boandus (Neo-Latin (13th-century), Bououinda - Βουουινδα (Greek, 2nd century) Brda Brahe (German), Brda (Polish, Czech) Brenta Brandau (German), Brenta (Italian, Venetian), Medeiochos - Μηδειοχος (ancient Greek), Medoacus Maior (Latin) Bug, Southern Aksu (Ottoman Turkish), Boh (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Boug méridional (French), Bug or Bugul de Sud (Romanian), Etelä-Bug (Finnish), Hypanis - Ύπανις (ancient Greek, Latin), Lõuna-Bug (Estonian), Pivdennyi Buh - Південний Буг (Ukrainian), Südlicher Bug (German), Yuzhnyi Bug - Южный Буг (Russian), Zuidelijke Boeg (Dutch) Bug, Western Boug (French), Bug (Polish, English, German, Hungarian), Bug / Länsi-Bug (Finnish), Bug / Lääne-Bug (Estonian), Bug - בוג (Yiddish), Buga (Latin, Latvian), Bugas (Lithuanian), Zakhidyi Buh - Західний Буг (Ukrainian), Zakhodni Bug - Заходні Буг (Belarusian), Zapadnyi Bug - Западный Буг (Russian) Buzău Bodza (Hungarian), Buzau (German), Buzău (Romanian)

C