Conakry ( , ; ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2025 Guinea census was 3,407,327, or around one-fifth of the country's population.Institut National de la Statistique de Guinée, 2025 (preliminary returns).
History
Conakry was originally settled on the small Tombo Island and later spread to the neighboring Kaloum Peninsula, a stretch of land wide. The city was essentially founded after Britain ceded the island to France in 1887. In 1885, the two island villages of Conakry and Boubinet had fewer than 500 inhabitants. Conakry became the capital of French Guinea in 1904, and prospered as an export port, particularly after a railway (now closed) to Kankan opened up the interior of the country for the large-scale export of groundnut.
In the decades after Guinea gained independence in 1958, the population of Conakry boomed, from 50,000 inhabitants in 1958 to 600,000 in 1980 to more than 3.4 million today. The city's small land area and relative isolation from the mainland, while an advantage to its colonial founders, has created an infrastructural burden since independence.
In 1970, conflict between Portuguese forces and the belligerent PAIGC independence campaigners in neighbouring Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) spilled into the Republic of Guinea when a group of 350 Portuguese troops and Guinean loyalists landed near the capital Conakry, attacked the city and freed 26 Portuguese prisoners of war held by the PAIGC before retreating, having failed to overthrow the government or kill the PAIGC leadership.
Camp Boiro, a feared concentration camp during the rule of Sekou Touré, was located in Conakry.
According to human rights groups, 157 people died during the 2009 Guinean protests when the military junta opened fire against tens of thousands of protesters in the city on 28 September 2009.
Geography Originally situated on Tombo Island, one of the Îles de Los, the capital was subsequently moved to the neighbouring tip of the Kaloum peninsula, and the expanding urban area has since spread northeastwards to occupy the whole of the peninsula.
Climate
According to Köppen climate classification, Conakry features a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am). Conakry features a wet season and a dry season. Like most of West Africa, Conakry's dry season is dominated by the harmattan wind between December and April. As a result, almost no rain falls in the city during these months.
Compared to most of West Africa, Conakry's wet season sees an extraordinary amount of rainfall, averaging more than in both July and August. As a result, Conakry's average annual rainfall totals nearly . However, the dry season is still dry, with January and February only receiving of rainfall on average. Sunshine is lower in the wet season than the dry season, with August receiving the least sunshine and March receiving the most.
Population
Government and administration
Conakry is a special city with a single region and prefecture government. The local government of the city was decentralized in 1991 between five municipal communes headed by a mayor. From the tip in the southwest, these were in 2014:
Kaloum – the city centre at the end of the peninsula, together with the Iles de Los off the southwest of the peninsula. Dixinn – along the west side of the peninsula, adjoining the city centre and including the University of Conakry and many embassies. Ratoma – further along the west side of the peninsula, and known for its nightlife. Matam - along the east side of the peninsula, adjoining the city centre. Matoto – further along the east side of the peninsula, and home to Ahmed Sékou Touré International Airport.
By the 2025 Census, the original five communes had been split, with a new Kassa Commune split from Kaloum to create a new commune to cover the archipelagic Iles de Los. Ratoma was split into three communes, with the new communes of Lambanyi and Sonfonia formed from the northeast parts of the original commune. Matoto was similarly split into three communes, with a new Gbessia commune (including the airport) formed from the southern part of the original commune, and a new Tombolia commune formed from the eastern part of the original commune. Three additional communes has been added to Conakry Special Zone from former parts of Kindia Region, namely Kagbélen commune from Dubréka Prefecture on the west side and Sanoyah and Manéah communes from Coyah Prefecture on the east side. Thus there are now thirteen communes within the expanded area of Conakry.Institut National de la Statistique de Guinée, 2025 (preliminary returns). Name of commune Area (km2) Census 2014(1 March) Census 2025(1 July) Kassa 14.28 (a) 9,257 Kaloum 4.64 62,675 49,364 Dixinn 7.71 137287 186,553 Ratoma 18.50 653,934 187,265 Lambanyi 23.35 (b) 385,884 Sonfonia 51.66 (b) 310,474 Kagbélen 104.20 (c) 395,370 Matam 6.20 142,658 177,271 Gbessia 15.61 (d) 520,284 Matoto 21.37 670,310 257,026 Tombolia 161.00 (d) 373,424 Sanoyah 24.11 (e) 322,419 Manéah 49.11 (e) 232,736 Total Conakry 500.74 1,940,544 3,407,327 Notes: (a) Included in 2014 figure for Kaloum, from which it was cut out. (b) included in 2014 figure for Ratoma, from which it was cut out. (c) Not part of Conakry Special Zone in 2014, when it was part of Dubréka Prefecture (with Kindia Region). (d) included in 2014 figure for Matoto, from which it was cut out. (e) Not part of Conakry Special Zone in 2014, when it was part of Coyah Prefecture (within Kindia Region).
The thirteen urban communes make up the Conakry Region, one of the eight Regions of Guinea, which is headed by a governor. At the second-tier prefecture level, the city is designated as the Conakry Special Zone, though the prefecture and regional government are one and the same. At 3.4 million inhabitants at the 2025 Census, it is far and away the largest city in Guinea, making up almost a fifth of the nation's population and making it more than eight times bigger than its nearest rival, Kankan (which had 410,542 inhabitants in 2025.Institut National de la Statistique de Guinée, 2025 (preliminary returns).
Economy
Conakry is Guinea's largest city and its administrative, communications, and economic centre. The city's economy revolves largely around the port, which has modern facilities for handling and storing cargo, through which alumina and bananas are shipped. Manufactures include food products and cement, metal manufactures, and fuel products.
Markets Marché Madina Marché du Niger
Infrastructure crisis Periodic power and water cuts have been a daily burden for Conakry's residents since early 2002. Government and power company officials blame the drought of February 2001 for a failure of the hydro-electric supply to the capital, and a failure of aging machinery for the continuation of the crisis. Critics of the government cite mismanagement, corruption and the withdrawal of the power agency's French partner at the beginning of 2002. , much of the city has no traffic lighting in the overnight hours.
Popular anger at shortages in Conakry was entwined with anti-government protests, strikes, and violence against the rule of President Lansana Conté and the successive prime ministers Cellou Dalein Diallo and Eugène Camara appointed to fill the post after the resignation of Prime Minister François Lonseny Fall in April 2004. Violence reached a peak in January–February 2007 in a general strike, which saw over one hundred deaths when the Army confronted protesters.For the relations between the 2007 crisis and infrastructure in Conakry, see: Q&A: Guinea emergency , BBC World Service. 13 February 2007. Youths Chase Staff From State Electricity Offices, Protesting Power Cuts , 25 October 2007 (UN Integrated Regional Information Networks/All Africa Global Media via COMTEX). IRIN In-Depth, Guinea: Living on the edge . UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, January 2005. GUINEA: Power cuts stop for football , 26 January 2006 (IRIN) Guinea protests over power-cuts , Alhassan Sillah: BBC, Conakry, 31 January 2003 Conflict history: Guinea . International Crisis Group, updated 11 May 2007.
Transportation Conakry is served by Conakry International Airport which has flights to several cities in West Africa and Europe.
Architecture
Presidential Palace Palais du Peuple
Hospitals Donka Hospital Ignace Deen HospitalRev Fr Gynecol Obstet, Diallo MS, Diallo TS, Diallo FB, Diallo Y, Camara AY, Onivogui G, Keita N, Diawo SA. (1995) Mar;90(3):138-41., Anemia and pregnancy. Epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic study at the university clinic of the Ignace Deen Hospital, Conakry (Guinee) , Clinique universitaire de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Ignace Deen, Conakry Guinée. Clinique Ambroise Paré Clinique Pasteur
Culture
Sandervalia National Museum National Library of Guinea and National Archives of Guinea Camp Boiro Monument du 22 Novembre 1970
Places of worship
Islamic mosques in the city include the Grand Mosque of Conakry. There are also Christian churches and temples, including the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Conakry's Cathédrale Sainte-Marie, the Église Protestante Évangélique de Guinée (Alliance World Fellowship), and the Assemblies of God.J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1279
Universities and education Collège Gbessia Centre Collège-Lycée Sainte-Marie Gamal Abdel Nasser University (Institut Polytechnique de Conakry) Institut Géographique National (Guinea) Université Kofi Annan Lycée français Albert Camus
Parks and gardens Jardin 2 Octobre Conakry Botanical Garden
Notable people
Hadji Barry, professional footballer Moussa Cissé, NBA basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks Mamadi Diakite, former NBA basketball player for the New York Knicks Maciré Sylla, singer, dancer, author and composer M'Mahawa Sylla is a Guinean army officer. Mamadou Diallo, footballer Mohamed Yattara, footballer
See also 2007 Guinean general strike 2009 Guinea protest Île Tamara Lighthouse
References
Dave, Nomi (2019) The Revolution's Echoes: Music, Politics & Pleasure in Guinea. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Thomas O'Toole, Janice E. Baker. (2005) Historical Dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press. Philipps, Joschka (2013) Ambivalent Rage: Youth Gangs and Urban Protest in Conakry, Guinea. Harmattan Guinée. Cohen, Adrienne ( 2019) "Performing Excess: Urban Ceremony and the Semiotics of Precarity in Guinea-Conakry." Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute. 89 (4): 718–738. Odile Goerg. "Chieftainships between Past and Present: From City to Suburb and Back in Colonial Conakry, 1890s–1950s". Africa Today, Summer 2006, Vol. 52, No. 4, Pages 2–27 Conakry the Capital: history of the city at site of expat artist. , reprinted at guineeconakry.info (no date) Kids in Guinea Study Under Airport Lamps, RUKMINI CALLIMACHI The Associated Press, Thursday, 19 July 2007. Archdiocese of Conakry: history and structure (at catholic-hierarchy.org) Guinea's Telecommunication Infrastructure, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 1999 figures.
Notes
External links
: Conakry-based news portal Le Jour Guinée Office National du Tourisme, République du Guinée. l'Université Kofi Annan de Guinée (UNIKAG) Satellite image of Conakry and the Kaloum Peninsula, from the European Space Agency's Envisat: image description at http://www.esa.int/esaEO/SEMAV21XDYD_index_1.html. Moussa Dadis Camara speaks to Radio France Internationale after Conakry massacre