List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was a major early civilisation, existing from 3300–1300 BCE in the northwest South Asia, around the Indus River plains. It covered much of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India, as well as possessing at least one trading colony in northeast Afghanistan.Henri-Paul Francfort, Fouilles de Shortughai, Recherches sur L'Asie Centrale Protohistorique, Paris, pl. 75, no. 7 Over 1000 Indus Valley Civilisation sites have been discovered. Only 40 sites on the Indus valley were known in the pre-Partition era by archaeologists.

The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-daro is located in Sindh, while Harappa is in Punjab. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals that were discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.Iravatham Mahadevan, 1977, The Indus Script: Text, Concordance and Tables, pp. 6-7Upinder Singh, 2008, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p. 169 More than 50 IVC burial sites have been found, including at Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Farmana, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Banawali, Alamgirpur and Chanhudaro .Astha Dibyopama, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin, Vasant Shinde, 2015,, Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-9.

List of Indus Valley sites

+ Indus Valley Civilisation discoveriesYear Site District Province/state Country Image Excavations/findingsAlamgirpurMeerut DistrictUttar PradeshIndiaImpression of cloth on troughAllahdinoKarachi districtSindhPakistanFloor tiles of a house have been discovered at this siteAmri, SindhDadu DistrictSindhPakistanRemains of a rhinocerosBabar KotSaurashtra, RajulaGujaratIndiaA stone fortification wall, plant remains of millets and gramBalu, HaryanaKaithalHaryanaIndiaEarliest evidence of garlic. Several plant remains were found here include various types of barley, wheat, rice, horse gram, green gram, multiple types of a pea, sesamum, melon, watermelon, grapes, dates, garlic, etc. (Saraswat and Pokharia - 2001-2) which is comparable to a nearby IVC site Kunal, Haryana revealed remains of rice (probably wild)1974BanawaliFatehabad DistrictHaryanaIndiaExcavated in 1973 by RS Bisht. Located alongside the Saraswati River. This area contains evidence of both pre-Harappan and Harappan culture as well as high-quality barley. Found terracotta figure of a ploughBargaonSaharanpur DistrictArchaeological Survey of India Publication:Indian Archaeology 1963-64 A ReviewUttar PradeshIndiaBarorSri Ganganagar districtRajasthanIndiaHuman skeleton, ornaments, a five-meter-long and three-meter clay oven, a pitcher filled with 8,000 pearlsBet DwarkaDevbhoomi Dwarka districtGujaratIndiaLate Harappan seal, inscribed jar, the mould of coppersmith, a copper fishhookBhagatravBharuch DistrictGujaratIndiaBhirranaFatehabad DistrictHaryanaIndiaGraffiti of a dancing girl on pottery, which resembles a dancing girl statue found at Mohenjo-Daro1931ChanhudaroNawabshah DistrictSindhPakistanExcavated in 1931 by NG Majumdar. Located in Sindh, Pakistan, on the banks of the Indus River. Only Indus site without a citadel. Excavated items include bronze statues of bullock carts and ekkas as well as a small jar that appears to be a kink well. Bead making factory, use of lipstick, ChapuwalaCholistanPunjabPakistanUnexcavated 9.6 hectaresDaimabad Ahmadnagar DistrictMaharashtraIndia A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long and 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man 16 cm high standing in it; and three other bronze sculptures. Southernmost IVC site in India, Late Harappan PhaseDesalpur in Nakhtrana Taluka,Kutch DistrictGujaratIndia Massive stone fortification, Harappan pottery, three script-bearing seals; one of steatite, one of copper and one of terracotta 1985DholaviraKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaExcavated in 1967–1968 by JP Joshi. Located in the Gujarati district of Kachchh on the banks of the Luni River. Here are traces of a stadium, a special water management system, and the Harappan inscription. Figure of chariot tied to a pair of bullocks and driven by a nude human, Water harvesting and number of reservoirs, use of rocks for constructions, wooden "signboard" with Indus characters found in a gatehouseFarmanaRohtak DistrictHaryanaIndiaLargest burial site of IVC, with 65 burials, found in IndiaGanweriwalaPunjabPakistanEquidistant from both Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, it is near a dry bed of the former Ghaggar River. It is a site of almost the same size as Mahenjo-daro. It may have been the third major centre in the IVC, as it is near the copper-rich mines in RajasthanGola Dhoro kutch districtGujaratIndiaProduction of shell bangles, semi-precious beads, etc.1921HarappaSahiwal DistrictPunjabPakistanExcavated in 1921–1923 by Daya Ram Sahni. Located in Punjab's Montgomery district on the banks of the Ravi River (Pakistan). Excavations have been done at Cemetery-37 and Stone Dancing Natraja. The first town to be thoroughly excavated and examined is a major Indus Valley Civilisation settlement with granaries, coffin burials, and a plethora of artefactsHisar mound inside Firoz Shah PalaceHisar DistrictHaryanaIndia Unexcavated siteHulasSaharanpur DistrictUttar PradeshIndiaJuni KuranKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaFortified citadel, lower town, public gathering areaJognakheraKurukshetraHaryanaIndiaCopper smelting furnaces with copper slag and pot shardsKajGir Somnath DistrictGujaratIndia Ceramic artefacts, including bowls. Ancient port.KanjetarGir Somnath DistrictGujaratIndia Single phase Harapppan site1953KalibanganHanumangarh DistrictRajasthanIndiaExcavated in 1961 by BB Lal. Located alongside the Ghaggar River. There has been evidence of a ploughed field, a wooden furrow, seven fire altars, camel bones, and two different kinds of burials (rectangular and circular graves). Baked/burnt bangles, fire altars, small circular pits containing large urns and accompanied by pottery, bones of camelKaranpura near Bhadra cityHanumangarh districtRajasthanIndia Skeleton of child, terracotta like pottery, bangles, seals similar to other Harappan sites KhirasaraKutch districtGujaratIndia Warehouse, industrial area, gold, copper, semi-precious stone, shell objects, and weight hoardsKerala-no-dhoro or PadriSaurashtraGujaratIndiaSalt production centre, by evaporating sea waterKot Bala (also, Balakot)Lasbela DistrictBalochistanPakistanEarliest evidence of furnace, seaportKot DijiKhairpur DistrictSindhPakistanKotada BhadliKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaFortification bastion few houses foundationsKunal, HaryanaFatehabad DistrictHaryanaIndiaEarliest pre-Harappan site, Copper smelting.KuntasiRajkot DistrictGujaratIndiaSmall portLakhan-jo-daroSukkur DistrictSindhPakistanMajor unexcavated site (greater than 300 hectares)1922LarkanaLarkana DistrictSindhPakistanLoteshwarPatan DistrictGujaratIndiaAncient archaeological site1953LothalAhmedabad DistrictGujaratIndia1931; excavated by NG Majumdar. Excavated in 1931 by NG Majumdar. Located in Sindh, Pakistan, on the banks of the Indus River. Bead making factory, dockyard, button seal, fire altars, painted jar, earliest cultivation of rice (1800 BC)Manda, JammuJammu DistrictJammu & KashmirIndiaNorthernmost Harappan site in Himalayan foothillsIndia Archaeology 1976-77, A Review. Archaeological Survey of India.Page 19.MalwanSurat DistrictGujaratIndiaSouthernmost Harappan site in IndiaMandiMuzaffarnagar districtUttar PradeshIndiaMehrgarhKachi DistrictBalochistan PakistanEarliest agricultural community (7000-5000 BC)MitathalBhiwani DistrictHaryana India1922Mohenjo-DaroLarkana DistrictSindhPakistanExcavated in 1922 by RD Bannerji. Located in Sindh's Larkana district on the banks of the Indus River (Pakistan). The site's unique features are the Assembly Hall, Collegiate Building, and Great Bath. An excavated artefact includes a piece of woven cotton and the seal of Pashupati Mahadeva, or proto-Shiva. Great Bath (the biggest bath ghat), Great granary, Bronze dancing girl, Bearded man, terracotta toys, Bull seal, Pashupati seal, three cylindrical seals of the Mesopotamian type, a piece of woven clothMorodharoKutch DistrictGujaratIndia Fortified settlement. Mature and late Harappan phases of civilisation found. Harappan jar shards, burial cairns, boundary stones to mark graves found. Closely resembles Dholavira and has evidence of being an ancient seaport. NageshwarKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaShell working siteNavinal Kutch districtGujaratIndiaNausharo near Dadhar Kachi DistrictBalochistanPakistanOngarHyderabad SindhPakistanPabumathKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaA large building complex, unicorn seal, shell bangles, beads, copper bangles, needles, antimony rods, steatite micro beads; pottery include large and medium size jars, beaker, dishes, dish-on-stand, perforated jars etc.; fine red pottery with black painted designs etc.Pathani DambMakranBalochistanPakistanAt 100 hectares, this has the potential to be another cityPir Shah JurioKarachiSindhPakistanPirakSibiBalochistanPakistanRakhigarhiHisar DistrictHaryanaIndiaTerracotta wheels, toys, figurines, pottery. Large site, partially excavatedRangpurAhmedabad DistrictGujaratIndiaSeaportRehman DheriDera Ismail Khan Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistanRojdiRajkot DistrictGujaratIndiaRuparRupnagar DistrictPunjabIndiaSanauliBaghpat DistrictUttar PradeshIndiaBurial site with 125 burials found, copper antenna sword with a hilt and first time chariots were discoveredSheri Khan TarakaiBannu DistrictKhyber-PakhtunkhwaPakistanPottery, lithic artefactShikarpur, GujaratDepartment of Archaeology and Ancient History, Maharaja Sayyajirao University, Baroda. Excavations at Shikarpur, Gujarat 2008-2009.Kutch DistrictGujaratIndiaFood habit details of HarappansShortugaiDarqad DistrictTakhar ProvinceAfghanistanSiswalHisar (district)HaryanaIndiaSokhta KohMakranBalochistanPakistanPotterySothi near BarautBagpat districtUttar PradeshIndia1964SurkotadaKutch DistrictGujaratIndiaExcavated in 1972 by JP Joshi. Located between the Sabarmati and Bhogavo rivers. Here, there is proof of a horse burial, an oval grave, and a pit burial. Bones of a horse (only site)Sutkagan DorMakranBalochistanPakistan Bangles of clay, westernmost-known site of IVC Tigrana Bhiwani district Haryana India Houses, pottery, terracotta, seals with script, semi-precious stones, evidence of crop cultivation and anima; domestication.भिवानी में मिले हड़प्पा काल के साक्ष्य, तिगड़ाना में होती थी खेती, शोध में हुए कई खुलासे, देखें तस्वीरें, Dainik Jargan, 29 September 2021.VejalkaBotad districtGujaratIndia Pottery

Context of IVC sites and cultures Wider context of the IVC includes the following:

Meluhha Indo-Mesopotamia relations Conflict with the Akkadians and Neo-Sumerians List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation Pottery in the Indian subcontinent Bara culture, subtype of Late-Harappan Phase Cemetery H culture (2000-1400 BC), early Indo-Aryan pottery at IVC sites later evolved into Painted Grey Ware culture of Vedic period Black and red ware, belonging to Neolithic and Early-Harappan phases Sothi-Siswal culture, subtype of Early-Harappan Phase

List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

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