Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa.Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50. Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.
Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
Scorzonera adilii A.Duran Scorzonera alaica Lipsch. Scorzonera alba R.R.Stewart Scorzonera albertoregelia C.Winkl. Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge Scorzonera alborzensis S.R.Safavi & Amini Rad Scorzonera alpigena (K.Koch) Grossh. Scorzonera angustifolia L. Scorzonera aniana N.Kilian Scorzonera argyrea Boiss. Scorzonera aristata Ramond ex DC. Scorzonera armeniaca (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss. Scorzonera boissieri Lipsch. Scorzonera bracteosa C.Winkl. Scorzonera bungei Krasch. & Lipsch. Scorzonera bupleurifolia Pouzolz ex Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb. Scorzonera calcitrapifolia Vahl Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Griseb. Scorzonera charadzae Papava Scorzonera coriacea A.Duran & Aksoy Scorzonera crassicaulis Rech.f. Scorzonera dianthoides (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Lipsch. Scorzonera drarii V.Tackh. Scorzonera ekimii A.Duran Scorzonera franchetii Lipsch. Scorzonera gokcheoglui Ünal & Göktürk Scorzonera gorovanica Nazarova Scorzonera grigoraschvilii (Sosn.) Lipsch. Scorzonera grossheimii Lipsch. & Vassilcz. Scorzonera helodes Rech.f. Scorzonera hieraciifolia Hayek Scorzonera hondae Kitam. Scorzonera humilis L. Scorzonera idae (Sosn.) Lipsch. Scorzonera iliensis Krasch. Scorzonera isophylla Post Scorzonera ispahanica Boiss. Scorzonera joharchii S.R.Safavi Scorzonera karabelensis Parolly & N.Kilian Scorzonera karkasensis Safavi Scorzonera kirpicznikovii Lipsch. Scorzonera kozlowskyi Sosn. ex Grossh. Scorzonera lachnostegia (Woronow) Lipsch. Scorzonera laciniata L. Scorzonera lafranchisiana Kit Tan & Vold Scorzonera lindbergii Rech.f. Scorzonera luntaiensis C.Shih Scorzonera mariovoensis Micevski Scorzonera meshhedensis (Rech.f.) Rech.f. Scorzonera meyeri (K.Koch) Lipsch. Scorzonera pacis Güzel, Kayıkçı & S.Yıldız Scorzonera pamirica C.Shih Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. Scorzonera persepolitana Boiss. Scorzonera petrovii Lipsch. Scorzonera pulchra Lomak. Scorzonera purpurea L. Scorzonera racemosa Franch. Scorzonera radiata Fisch. ex Ledeb. Scorzonera radicosa Boiss. Scorzonera renzii Rech.f. Scorzonera rosea Waldst. & Kit. Scorzonera rupicola Hausskn. ex Bornm. Scorzonera safievii Grossh. Scorzonera schischkinii Lipsch. & Vassilcz. Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss. Scorzonera scopariiformis Lipsch. Scorzonera scyria M.A.Gust. & Snogerup Scorzonera serpentinica Rech.f. Scorzonera sinensis (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Nakai Scorzonera songorica (Kar. & Kir.) Lipsch. & Vassilcz. Scorzonera sublanata Lipsch. Scorzonera tadshikorum Krasch. & Lipsch. Scorzonera taiwanensis S.S.Ying Scorzonera tragopogonoides Regel & Schmalh. Scorzonera transiliensis Popov Scorzonera tuberculata J.Thiébaut Scorzonera turkestanica Franch. Scorzonera tuzgoluensis A.Duran, B.Doğan & Makbul Scorzonera vavilovii Kult. Scorzonera verrucosa Boiss. Scorzonera virgata DC. Scorzonera yemensis Podlech Scorzonera yildirimlii A.Duran & Hamzaoğlu Scorzonera zorkunensis Coșkunç. & Makbul
Species formerly placed in the genus include: Scorzonera fistulosa = Avellara fistulosa (Brot.) Blanca & C.Díaz Scorzonera judaica = Gelasia psychrophila (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian
Etymology The name of the genus (Scorzonera) has an uncertain etymology; it may derive from multiple roots such as Old French "scorzon", Italian "scorsone", and Spanish "escorzonera", meaning “black rind”; but also viper, perhaps from the use of its roots as an antidote to snake bites, or from the Catalan "escurçonera", derived from "escurçó", i.e. viper.
Secondary metabolites Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones. Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids. One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.
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